{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:33:08Z","timestamp":1792513988165,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":58,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]],"date-time":"2014-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2593882.2593900","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T13:48:00Z","timestamp":1400593680000},"page":"167-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":266,"title":["Probabilistic programming"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Henzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IST Austria, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya V.","family":"Nori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriram K.","family":"Rajamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microsoft Research, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008699807402"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378795.378846"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1480881.1480894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO)","author":"Barthe G.","unstructured":"G. Barthe , B. Gr \u02dc Al\u2019goire , S. Heraud , and S. Zanella B\u00e9guelin . Computer-aided security proofs for the working cryptographer . In Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO) , pages 71\u2013 90 . 2011. G. Barthe, B. Gr \u02dc Al\u2019goire, S. Heraud, and S. Zanella B\u00e9guelin. Computer-aided security proofs for the working cryptographer. In Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO), pages 71\u201390. 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1987211.1987216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68612-7","volume-title":"Introduction to Discrete Event Systems","author":"Cassandras C. G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"C. G. Cassandras and S. Lafortune . Introduction to Discrete Event Systems . Springer Science +Business Media, LLC, 2008 . C. G. Cassandras and S. Lafortune. Introduction to Discrete Event Systems. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS)","author":"Chaganty A. T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"A. T. Chaganty , A. V. Nori , and S. K. Rajamani . E\ufb03ciently sampling probabilistic programs via program analysis . In Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) , pages 153\u2013 160 , 2013 . A. T. Chaganty, A. V. Nori, and S. K. Rajamani. E\ufb03ciently sampling probabilistic programs via program analysis. In Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), pages 153\u2013160, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1806596.1806629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","first-page":"2449","volume-title":"International Joint Conference on on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)","author":"Chavira M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"M. Chavira and A. Darwiche . Compiling bayesian networks using variable elimination . In International Joint Conference on on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) , pages 2443\u2013 2449 , 2007 . M. Chavira and A. Darwiche. Compiling bayesian networks using variable elimination. In International Joint Conference on on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pages 2443\u20132449, 2007."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1995.10476177","article-title":"Understanding the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm","volume":"49","author":"Chib S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"S. Chib and E. Greenberg . Understanding the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm . American Statistician , 49 ( 4 ): 327 \u2013 335 , 1995 . S. Chib and E. Greenberg. Understanding the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. American Statistician, 49(4):327\u2013335, 1995.","journal-title":"American Statistician"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491411.2491423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1662658.1662660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/512950.512973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/646484.691766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/360933.360975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1458082.1458084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/24039.24041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2348941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"756","volume-title":"Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)","author":"Gogate V.","year":"2010","unstructured":"V. Gogate , W. A. Webb , and P. Domingos . Learning e\ufb03cient markov networks . In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) , pages 748\u2013 756 , 2010 . V. Gogate, W. A. Webb, and P. Domingos. Learning e\ufb03cient markov networks. In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pages 748\u2013756, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"229","volume-title":"Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI)","author":"Goodman N. D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"N. D. Goodman , V. K. Mansinghka , D. M. Roy , K. Bonawitz , and J. B. Tenenbaum . Church: a language for generative models . In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) , pages 220\u2013 229 , 2008 . N. D. Goodman, V. K. Mansinghka, D. M. Roy, K. Bonawitz, and J. B. Tenenbaum. Church: a language for generative models. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), pages 220\u2013229, 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2429069.2429119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535838.2535850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01211866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022623210503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"576","volume-title":"Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)","author":"Herbrich R.","year":"2006","unstructured":"R. Herbrich , T. Minka , and T. Graepel . TrueSkill: A Bayesian skill rating system . In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) , pages 569\u2013 576 , 2006 . R. Herbrich, T. Minka, and T. Graepel. TrueSkill: A Bayesian skill rating system. In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pages 569\u2013576, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"The no-U-turn sampler: Adaptively setting path lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Journal of Machine Learning Research, in press","author":"Hoffman M. D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. D. Hoffman and A. Gelman . The no-U-turn sampler: Adaptively setting path lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Journal of Machine Learning Research, in press , 2013 . M. D. Hoffman and A. Gelman. The no-U-turn sampler: Adaptively setting path lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Journal of Machine Learning Research, in press, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"John Langford. Vowpal Wabbit. John Langford. Vowpal Wabbit."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QEST.2009.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Algorithms and Complexity: New Directions and Recent Results","author":"Knuth D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"D. Knuth and A. Yao . Algorithms and Complexity: New Directions and Recent Results , chapter The complexity of nonuniform random number generation. Academic Press , 1976 . D. Knuth and A. Yao. Algorithms and Complexity: New Directions and Recent Results, chapter The complexity of nonuniform random number generation. Academic Press, 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"The Alchemy system for statistical relational AI. Technical report","author":"Kok S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"S. Kok , M. Sumner , M. Richardson , P. Singla , H. Poon , D. Lowd , and P. Domingos . The Alchemy system for statistical relational AI. Technical report , University of Washington , 2007 . http:\/\/alchemy.cs.washington.edu. S. Kok, M. Sumner, M. Richardson, P. Singla, H. Poon, D. Lowd, and P. Domingos. The Alchemy system for statistical relational AI. Technical report, University of Washington, 2007. http:\/\/alchemy.cs.washington.edu."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques","author":"Koller D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"D. Koller and N. Friedman . Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques . MIT Press , 2009 . D. Koller and N. Friedman. Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and Techniques. MIT Press, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"747","volume-title":"National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)","author":"Koller D.","year":"1997","unstructured":"D. Koller , D. A. McAllester , and A. Pfeffer . Effective Bayesian inference for stochastic programs . In National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) , pages 740\u2013 747 , 1997 . D. Koller, D. A. McAllester, and A. Pfeffer. Effective Bayesian inference for stochastic programs. In National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pages 740\u2013747, 1997."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(81)90036-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0000(85)90012-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2032305.2032352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"Elements of physical biology. Williams & Wilkins company","author":"Lotka A.","year":"1925","unstructured":"A. Lotka . Elements of physical biology. Williams & Wilkins company , Baltimore , 1925 . A. Lotka. Elements of physical biology. Williams & Wilkins company, Baltimore, 1925."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Inference & Learning Algorithms","author":"MacKay D. J. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"D. J. C. MacKay . Information Theory , Inference & Learning Algorithms . Cambridge University Press , New York, NY, USA , 2002 . D. J. C. MacKay. Information Theory, Inference & Learning Algorithms. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2590624.2590625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Probabilistic, Logical and Relational Learning \u2014 A Further Synthesis","author":"Milch B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"B. Milch , B. Marthi , S. J. Russell , D. Sontag , D. L. Ong , and A. Kolobov . BLOG: Probabilistic models with unknown objects . In Probabilistic, Logical and Relational Learning \u2014 A Further Synthesis , 2005 . B. Milch, B. Marthi, S. J. Russell, D. Sontag, D. L. Ong, and A. Kolobov. BLOG: Probabilistic models with unknown objects. In Probabilistic, Logical and Relational Learning \u2014 A Further Synthesis, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Nov.","author":"Minka T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"T. Minka , J. Winn , J. Guiver , and A. Kannan . Infer.NET 2.3 , Nov. 2009 . Software available from http:\/\/research.microsoft.com\/infernet. T. Minka, J. Winn, J. Guiver, and A. Kannan. Infer.NET 2.3, Nov. 2009. Software available from http:\/\/research.microsoft.com\/infernet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/69558.69559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/1978665.1978669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"The R2 probabilistic programming system","author":"Nori A. V.","year":"2013","unstructured":"A. V. Nori , C. Hur , S. K. Rajamani , and S. Samuel . The R2 probabilistic programming system . 2013 . http:\/\/research.microsoft.com\/r2. A. V. Nori, C. Hur, S. K. Rajamani, and S. Samuel. The R2 probabilistic programming system. 2013. http:\/\/research.microsoft.com\/r2."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Slicing probabilistic programs","author":"Nori A. V.","year":"2013","unstructured":"A. V. Nori , C. Hur , S. K. Rajamani , and S. Samuel . Slicing probabilistic programs . 2013 . Working draft. A. V. Nori, C. Hur, S. K. Rajamani, and S. Samuel. Slicing probabilistic programs. 2013. Working draft."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Cambridge series in statistical and probabilistic mathematics","author":"Norris J. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"J. R. Norris . Markov chains. Cambridge series in statistical and probabilistic mathematics . Cambridge University Press , 1998 . J. R. Norris. Markov chains. Cambridge series in statistical and probabilistic mathematics. Cambridge University Press, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Morgan Kaufmann","author":"Pearl J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"J. Pearl . Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligence Systems . Morgan Kaufmann , 1996 . J. Pearl. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligence Systems. Morgan Kaufmann, 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Statistical Relational Learning","author":"Pfeffer A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Pfeffer . The design and implementation of IBAL : A general-purpose probabilistic language . In Statistical Relational Learning . MIT Press , 2007 . A. Pfeffer. The design and implementation of IBAL: A general-purpose probabilistic language. In Statistical Relational Learning. MIT Press, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"A general importance sampling algorithm for probabilistic programs. Technical report","author":"Pfeffer A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Pfeffer . A general importance sampling algorithm for probabilistic programs. Technical report , Harvard University TR- 12-07, 2007 . A. Pfeffer. A general importance sampling algorithm for probabilistic programs. Technical report, Harvard University TR-12-07, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)00092-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2491956.2462179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10672-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"A C++ library for probability and sampling, version 2.0","author":"Team Stan Development","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stan Development Team . Stan : A C++ library for probability and sampling, version 2.0 , 2013 . Stan Development Team. Stan: A C++ library for probability and sampling, version 2.0, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2031527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1985.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/118558a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_58_1","first-page":"1160","volume-title":"Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)","author":"Wingate D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. Wingate , N. D. Goodman , A. Stuhlm\u00fcller , and J. M. Siskind . Nonstandard interpretations of probabilistic programs for e\ufb03cient inference . In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) , pages 1152\u2013 1160 , 2011 . D. Wingate, N. D. Goodman, A. Stuhlm\u00fcller, and J. M. Siskind. Nonstandard interpretations of probabilistic programs for e\ufb03cient inference. In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pages 1152\u20131160, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_59_1","volume-title":"International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 15:770\u2013778","author":"Wingate D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. Wingate , A. Stuhlm\u00fcller , and N. D. Goodman . Lightweight implementations of probabilistic programming languages via transformational compilation . International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 15:770\u2013778 , 2011 . D. Wingate, A. Stuhlm\u00fcller, and N. D. Goodman. Lightweight implementations of probabilistic programming languages via transformational compilation. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 15:770\u2013778, 2011."}],"event":{"name":"ICSE '14: 36th International Conference on Software Engineering","location":"Hyderabad India","acronym":"ICSE '14","sponsor":["SIGSOFT ACM Special Interest Group on Software Engineering","TCSE IEEE Computer Society's Tech. Council on Software Engin."]},"container-title":["Future of Software Engineering Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2593882.2593900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2593882.2593900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:03:55Z","timestamp":1750273435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2593882.2593900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2593882.2593900","10.1145\/2593882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2593882.2593900","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}