{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:55:00Z","timestamp":1776095700125,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Comput. Cult. Herit."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intangible cultural heritage represents the cultural identities and diversity of mankind, and should be preserved and passed on to the current and future generations. However, in digital cultural heritage research, intangible cultural heritage has been relatively less studied, and the focus has been placed on creating tools and applications for professionals rather than for the general public. In this paper, we present our research effort on creating an interactive system for conveying traditional Chinese culture through natural language conversation. We propose a systematic method for the domain experts to construct, with minimal effort, the knowledge base from a set of unstructured philosophy texts, and we design an algorithm to build a conversational agent emulating the conversation ability of a famous Chinese philosopher. We also report two evaluation studies on the prototype we developed, showing encouraging results on the feasibility and benefits of our approach. By automating part of the answer-finding task using natural language processing and information retrieval technology, the system is able to find answers dynamically, without the need to manually author large amounts of question and answer pairs. Our proposed method could potentially be used to create other conversational agents for educating and promoting cultural values to the general public in a natural and appealing way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2597183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T12:38:13Z","timestamp":1403008693000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interacting with Traditional Chinese Culture through Natural Language"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eng Tat","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Nakatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Cheok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2467696.2467713"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"ELRA Workshop on Evaluation. 36--40","author":"Artstein Ron","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paolo Atzeni Roberto Basili Dorte H. Hansen Paolo Missier Patrizia Paggio Maria Teresa Pazienza and Fabio Massimo Zanzotto. 2004. Ontology-based question answering in a federation of university sites: the MOSES case study. In NLDB.  Paolo Atzeni Roberto Basili Dorte H. Hansen Paolo Missier Patrizia Paggio Maria Teresa Pazienza and Fabio Massimo Zanzotto. 2004. Ontology-based question answering in a federation of university sites: the MOSES case study. In NLDB.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-27779-8_40"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"EUROSPEECH","author":"Bell L.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/989863.989951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1220175.1220251"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2133806.2133826"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Imagina","author":"Cassell Justine","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christiane Fellbaum. 1998. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press Cambridge MA.  Christiane Fellbaum. 1998. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database. MIT Press Cambridge MA.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7287.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Yu-Lan Fung and Derk Bodde. 1997. A short history of Chinese philosophy. Free Press.  Yu-Lan Fung and Derk Bodde. 1997. A short history of Chinese philosophy. Free Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"EACL (Demos)","author":"Galanis Dimitrios"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Eurospeech\u201999","author":"Gustafson Joakim","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1613715.1613835"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Daniel Jurafsky and James Martin. 2009. Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing Computational Linguistics and Speech Recognition (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.   Daniel Jurafsky and James Martin. 2009. Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing Computational Linguistics and Speech Recognition (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2006.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11802372_87"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3115\/1075096.1075150"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11550617_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1316874.1316876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceeding of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC\u201910)","author":"Leuski Anton","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Simon Leys. 1997. The Analects of Confucius Translation and Notes. WW Norton & Company.  Simon Leys. 1997. The Analects of Confucius Translation and Notes. WW Norton & Company."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Yutang Lin. 1966. The Wisdom of Confucius. Modern Library New York.  Yutang Lin. 1966. The Wisdom of Confucius. Modern Library New York."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IVTTA.1998.727691"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1769590.1769608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2460376.2460381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/191666.191703"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1791562.1791592"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1597148.1597310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1620959.1620964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. 625--629","author":"Roberts Angus","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201908)","author":"Robinson Susan","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Modern information retrieval: A brief overview","volume":"24","author":"Singhal Amit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of the IEEE Computing Society Technical Committee on Data Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1889075.1889110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","volume-title":"Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity, Wei-ming Tu (Ed.)","author":"Theodore de Bary Wm."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/544220.544358"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data, Language Resources and Evaluation Conference.","author":"Vogiatzis D."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Richard S. Wallace. 2003. The Elements of AIML Style. ALICE AI Foundation.  Richard S. Wallace. 2003. The Elements of AIML Style. ALICE AI Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-41106-9_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203506417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/365153.365168"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Thomas I. White. 2006. Discovering Philosophy. Prentice Hall.  Thomas I. White. 2006. Discovering Philosophy. Prentice Hall."}],"container-title":["Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2597183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2597183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:09:58Z","timestamp":1750234198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2597183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2597183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2597183","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-4673","1556-4711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-4673","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-02-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}