{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:36:15Z","timestamp":1761708975667,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The computation of a set of performance indicators of a computer-based system can be achieved through dependability analysis. Researchers have proposed several methods and tools that have an ability to give a prognosis for the failure of a computer-based system. These tools and methods are classified into three main approaches: model-based, data-driven, and experience-based prognostics. Wherever sufficient real data is available, the data-driven approach is appropriate, which can be transformed into behavior models using Hidden Markov Models, which fall in a subclass of Bayesian networks. In a Bayesian framework, the estimates of reliabilities of components of a computer-based system are updated using operational profile data as new information of reliability of one or more node becomes available for the identification of robustness of a system. In this paper, we show, using Bayesian Networks, how to update the reliability of individual components and the reliability of a whole computer-based system when the reliability of any component in the system changes. We use a running safety-critical computer-based system from a nuclear power plant as a case study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2597716.2631647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T12:50:17Z","timestamp":1402404617000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of change in component reliabilities on system reliability estimation"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Lalit Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Computer Sc &amp; Engg IIT (BHU) Varanasi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gopika","family":"Vinod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reactor Safety Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Dept of Atomic Energy, Govt of India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K.","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Computer Sc &amp; Engg IIT (BHU) Varanasi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castillo E Sarabia JM Solares C Gomez P. Uncertainty analysis in fault trees and Bayesian networks using FORM\/SORM methods. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 1999;65(1):29--40.  Castillo E Sarabia JM Solares C Gomez P. Uncertainty analysis in fault trees and Bayesian networks using FORM\/SORM methods. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 1999;65(1):29--40.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(98)00083-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.49190"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"455","volume-title":"ASCE","author":"Beck J.L.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Model updating in reliability theory. Proceeding of ICASP-5","author":"Madsen HO.","year":"1987"},{"volume-title":"A Bayesian reliability assessment of complex systems for binomial sampling","year":"1975","author":"Cole PVZ","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mastran DV Singpurwalla ND. A Bayesian estimation of reliability of coherent structures. Operations Research 1978; 26:663--72.  Mastran DV Singpurwalla ND. A Bayesian estimation of reliability of coherent structures. Operations Research 1978; 26:663--72.","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.26.4.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson WE Haynes RD. On the reliability availability and Bayes confidence intervals for multicomponent systems. Naval Research Logistic Quarterly 1980;27:354--8.  Thompson WE Haynes RD. On the reliability availability and Bayes confidence intervals for multicomponent systems. Naval Research Logistic Quarterly 1980;27:354--8.","DOI":"10.1002\/nav.3800270302"},{"volume-title":"Bayesian reliability analysis","year":"1982","author":"Martz HF","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"volume-title":"An introduction to Bayesian network","year":"1996","author":"Jensen FV.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"volume-title":"of the International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk","year":"2009","author":"Li D.Q.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"volume-title":"Fabrizio et al. Modeling Web Usability Diagnostics on the basis of usage Statistics","author":"Avi Harel","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","article-title":"Bayesian networks of customer satisfaction survey data","volume":"36","author":"Silvia Salini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor and Francis Journals"},{"volume-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems","year":"1988","author":"Pearl J.","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"157","volume-title":"November000, in Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks,M.Arbib,ed","author":"Pearl J.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Local computations with probabilities on graphical structures and their application to expert systems (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society","volume":"50","author":"Lauritzen S.L.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Series B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1622756.1622765"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90012-9"},{"volume-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences Supplement to special issue on Probabilistic Models of Cognition, 10(7), 1--11.","year":"2006","author":"Griffiths T.L.","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/299068.299075"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Bayesian System Reliability Prediction,\"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 24","author":"Bergman B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"1413","volume-title":"Bayesian Networks for Multilevel System Reliability,\" Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 92","author":"Wilson A. G.","year":"2007"},{"volume-title":"ASCE 1998;120(3):670--5.","author":"Xiao Q","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"volume-title":"Learning in Graphical, M.J. Models, ed","year":"1999","author":"David H.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","year":"1996","author":"Friedman N.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2004.06.004"},{"volume-title":"Issue 3, September, 269--280.","year":"2003","author":"Bobbio A., E.","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1"},{"volume-title":"Feb 21","year":"1991","author":"Requirements","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2597716.2631647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2597716.2631647","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:00:50Z","timestamp":1750230050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2597716.2631647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2597716.2631647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2597716.2631647","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5948"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5948"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}