{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:35:37Z","timestamp":1776090937397,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,27]],"date-time":"2014-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ShapeForge (StG-2012-307877)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ShapeForge (StG-2012-307877)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is the process of 3D printing objects from melted plastic filament. The hot plastic exits a nozzle and fuses with the part just below, adding a layer of material to the object being formed. However, filament can only be deposited\n            <jats:italic>on top<\/jats:italic>\n            of an existing surface. Therefore, overhangs require a disposable\n            <jats:italic>support structure<\/jats:italic>\n            to be printed, temporarily supporting the threads of plastic that would otherwise hang in empty space.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Existing techniques for support generation fall into two categories: The first allow for very reliable prints by enclosing the bottom of the object in a dense structure, at the expense of increased material usage and build times. The second generate thin hierarchical structures connecting to the surface in a sparse number of points. This uses less material, at the expense of reliability: the part might become unstable, the structure itself may become difficult to print, the bottom surface quality degrades. The user therefore has to correct the structure and its parameters for each new object.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>We propose to exploit the ability of FFF printers to print bridges across gaps. Since bridges are always supported by pillars at their extremities, they are both stronger and more stable than hierarchical tree structures. Our technique first selects the points to support based on overhang and part stability during the entire print process. It then optimizes for a printable scaffolding composed of bridges and vertical pillars, supporting all points. The result is an automated support generation technique using little material while ensuring fine surface quality and stability during the printing process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T15:08:20Z","timestamp":1406041700000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Bridging the gap"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Dumas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, INRIA"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Hergel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRIA, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(97)00083-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Conception optimale de structures","author":"Allaire G.","unstructured":"Allaire , G. 2006. Conception optimale de structures . Springer . ISBN 3-540-36710-1. Allaire, G. 2006. Conception optimale de structures. Springer. ISBN 3-540-36710-1."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Allen S. and Dutta D. 1995. Determination and evaluation of support structures in layered manufacturing.  Allen S. and Dutta D. 1995. Determination and evaluation of support structures in layered manufacturing."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Allison J. W. Chen T. P. Cohen A. L. Smalley D. R. Snead D. E. and Vorgitch T. J. 1988. Boolean layer comparison slice. US Patent 5854748 3D Systems Inc.  Allison J. W. Chen T. P. Cohen A. L. Smalley D. R. Snead D. E. and Vorgitch T. J. 1988. Boolean layer comparison slice. US Patent 5854748 3D Systems Inc."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 229--241","author":"Chalasani K.","unstructured":"Chalasani , K. , Jones , L. , and Roscoe , L . 1995. Support generation for fused deposition modeling . In Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 229--241 . Chalasani, K., Jones, L., and Roscoe, L. 1995. Support generation for fused deposition modeling. In Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 229--241."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13552549510104429"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Eggers G. and Renap K. 2007. Method and apparatus for automatic support generation for an object made by means of a rapid prototype production method. US Patent 20100228369 Materialize.  Eggers G. and Renap K. 2007. Method and apparatus for automatic support generation for an object made by means of a rapid prototype production method. US Patent 20100228369 Materialize."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00124677"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Heide E. 2011. Method for generating and building support structures with deposition-based digital manufacturing systems 07. US Patent 20110178621 A1.  Heide E. 2011. Method for generating and building support structures with deposition-based digital manufacturing systems 07. US Patent 20110178621 A1."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(09)70096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-008-1675-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","unstructured":"Kritchman E. Gothait H. and Miller G. 2008. System and method for printing and supporting three dimensional objects 04. US Patent 7364686.  Kritchman E. Gothait H. and Miller G. 2008. System and method for printing and supporting three dimensional objects 04. US Patent 7364686."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-7721(99)00002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461957"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566580"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4403-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508382"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2601097.2601153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2601097.2601153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:19:10Z","timestamp":1750231150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2601097.2601153"}},"subtitle":["automated steady scaffoldings for 3D printing"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,27]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2601097.2601153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2601097.2601153","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}