{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:04:00Z","timestamp":1775199840263,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N66001-12-1-4242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-12-1-4242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000879","name":"Alfred P. 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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Despite recent interest in digital fabrication, there are still few algorithms that provide control over how light propagates inside a solid object. Existing methods either work only on the surface or restrict themselves to light diffusion in volumes. We use multi-material 3D printing to fabricate objects with embedded optical fibers, exploiting total internal reflection to guide light\n            <jats:italic>inside<\/jats:italic>\n            an object. We introduce automatic fiber design algorithms together with new manufacturing techniques to route light between two arbitrary surfaces. Our implicit algorithm optimizes light transmission by minimizing fiber curvature and maximizing fiber separation while respecting constraints such as fiber arrival angle. We also discuss the influence of different printable materials and fiber geometry on light propagation in the volume and the light angular distribution when exiting the fiber. Our methods enable new applications such as surface displays of arbitrary shape, touch-based painting of surfaces, and sensing a hemispherical light distribution in a single shot.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2602140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T12:50:17Z","timestamp":1402404617000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Computational Light Routing"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Thiago","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University and Disney Research Boston, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Rusinkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Matusik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIT CSAIL, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/199404.199429"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'08)","author":"Ben-Ezra M.","unstructured":"M. Ben-Ezra , J. Wang , B. Wilburn , X. Li , and L. Ma . 2008. An led-only brdf measurement device . In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'08) . M. Ben-Ezra, J. Wang, B. Wilburn, X. Li, and L. Ma. 2008. An led-only brdf measurement device. In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'08)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2005.00886.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2001.937661"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778799"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(92)90066-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1888150.1888187"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Imaging and Applied Optics.","author":"Ford J.","unstructured":"J. Ford , I. Stamenov , S. J. Olivas , G. Schuster , N. Motamedi , I. P. Agurok , R. Stack , A. Johnson , and R. Morrison . 2013. Fiber-coupled monocentric lens imaging . In Proceedings of the Conference on Imaging and Applied Optics. J. Ford, I. Stamenov, S. J. Olivas, G. Schuster, N. Motamedi, I. P. Agurok, R. Stack, A. Johnson, and R. Morrison. 2013. Fiber-coupled monocentric lens imaging. In Proceedings of the Conference on Imaging and Applied Optics."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.11.002506"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"J. Gomes L. Darsa B. Costa and L. Velho. 1998. Warping and Morphing of Graphical Objects. Morgan Kaufmann San Fransisco.   J. Gomes L. Darsa B. Costa and L. Velho. 1998. Warping and Morphing of Graphical Objects. Morgan Kaufmann San Fransisco."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778798"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Kociszewski D. Pysz and R. Stephen. 1993. Double crucible method in the fiber optic image guides (tapers) manufacturing. In Video Communications and Fiber Optic Networks International Society for Optics and Photonics 206--219.  L. Kociszewski D. Pysz and R. Stephen. 1993. Double crucible method in the fiber optic image guides (tapers) manufacturing. In Video Communications and Fiber Optic Networks International Society for Optics and Photonics 206--219.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.163776"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","unstructured":"G. E. Liljegren and E. L. Foster. 1990. Figure with back projected image using fiber optics. U.S. Patent Number 4978216 Walt Disney Company.  G. E. Liljegren and E. L. Foster. 1990. Figure with back projected image using fiber optics. U.S. Patent Number 4978216 Walt Disney Company."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618474"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/142920.134035"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01876.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques. Springer, 89--102","author":"Raskar R.","unstructured":"R. Raskar , G. Welch , K.-L. Low , and D. Bandyopadhyay . 2001. Shader lamps: Animating real objects with image-based illumination . In Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques. Springer, 89--102 . R. Raskar, G. Welch, K.-L. Low, and D. Bandyopadhyay. 2001. Shader lamps: Animating real objects with image-based illumination. In Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques. Springer, 89--102."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/508530.508532"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice","author":"Senior J. M.","unstructured":"J. M. Senior . 1992. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice , 2 nd Ed. Prentice-Hall International . J. M. Senior. 1992. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd Ed. Prentice-Hall International.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1057432.1057456"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311580"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531338"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2380116.2380190"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2602140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2602140","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1750230047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2602140"}},"subtitle":["3D Printed Optical Fibers for Sensing and Display"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2602140"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2602140","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}