{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:04:54Z","timestamp":1778796294452,"version":"3.51.4"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":52,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,17]],"date-time":"2014-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000144","name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-0831791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-0831791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000144","name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1117719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1117719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,17]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626328","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T09:53:50Z","timestamp":1407837230000},"page":"319-330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["FireFly"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Navid","family":"Hamedazimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zafar","family":"Qazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyas","family":"Sekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir R.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon P.","family":"Longtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Tanwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"A Simpler Data Center Fabric Emerges . http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/kaxpotw.  A Simpler Data Center Fabric Emerges . http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/kaxpotw."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Galvo mirrors. http:\/\/www.thorlabs.us\/NewGroupPage9.cfm?ObjectGroup_ID=3770.  Galvo mirrors. http:\/\/www.thorlabs.us\/NewGroupPage9.cfm?ObjectGroup_ID=3770."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"htsim simulator. http:\/\/nrg.cs.ucl.ac.uk\/mptcp\/implementation.html.  htsim simulator. http:\/\/nrg.cs.ucl.ac.uk\/mptcp\/implementation.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Kent optronics inc. http:\/\/kentoptronics.com\/switchable.html.  Kent optronics inc. http:\/\/kentoptronics.com\/switchable.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Lightpointe flightstrata g optical gigabit link. http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/k86o2vh.  Lightpointe flightstrata g optical gigabit link. http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/k86o2vh."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Mems scanning mirror. http:\/\/www.lemoptix.com\/technology\/mems-scanning-mirrors.  Mems scanning mirror. http:\/\/www.lemoptix.com\/technology\/mems-scanning-mirrors."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Mininet. http:\/\/yuba.stanford.edu\/foswiki\/bin\/view\/OpenFlow\/Mininet.  Mininet. http:\/\/yuba.stanford.edu\/foswiki\/bin\/view\/OpenFlow\/Mininet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"OpenGear out of band management. http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/n773hg3.  OpenGear out of band management. http:\/\/tinyurl.com\/n773hg3."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Single-fiber sfp. http:\/\/www.championone.net\/products\/transceivers\/sfp\/single-fiber-single-wavelength\/.  Single-fiber sfp. http:\/\/www.championone.net\/products\/transceivers\/sfp\/single-fiber-single-wavelength\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Xinyu laser products. http:\/\/www.xinyulaser.com\/index.asp.  Xinyu laser products. http:\/\/www.xinyulaser.com\/index.asp."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"GbE cost comparison. Emulex white paper","author":"E-T","year":"2012","unstructured":"10GBAS E-T vs. GbE cost comparison. Emulex white paper , 2012 . Available at http:\/\/www.emulex.com\/artifacts\/cdc1a1d3-5d2d-4ac5-9ed8-5cc4a72bd561\/elx_sb_all_10gbaset_cost_comparison.pdf. 10GBASE-T vs. GbE cost comparison. Emulex white paper, 2012. Available at http:\/\/www.emulex.com\/artifacts\/cdc1a1d3-5d2d-4ac5-9ed8-5cc4a72bd561\/elx_sb_all_10gbaset_cost_comparison.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"M. Al-Fares et al. Hedera: Dynamic flow scheduling for data center networks . In NSDI , 2010 . M. Al-Fares et al. Hedera: Dynamic flow scheduling for data center networks. In NSDI, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1402958.1402967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"Chen K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"K. Chen : An optical switching architecture for data center networks with unprecedented flexibility . In NSDI , 2012 . K. Chen et al. OSA: An optical switching architecture for data center networks with unprecedented flexibility. In NSDI, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2009.2021149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"A study of non-blocking switching networks","author":"Clos C.","year":"1953","unstructured":"C. Clos . A study of non-blocking switching networks . Bell System Technical Journal , 32 , 1953 . C. Clos. A study of non-blocking switching networks. Bell System Technical Journal, 32, 1953.","journal-title":"Bell System Technical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018436.2018466"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1921168.1921187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","first-page":"301","article-title":"Data center with free-space optical communications","volume":"8","author":"Davidson H. L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"H. L. Davidson Data center with free-space optical communications . US Patent 8 , 301 ,028, 2012 . H. L. Davidson et al. Data center with free-space optical communications. US Patent 8,301,028, 2012.","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851182.1851223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"On the second eigenvalue and random walks in random d-regular graphs. Combinatorica, 11(4)","author":"Friedman J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"J. Friedman . On the second eigenvalue and random walks in random d-regular graphs. Combinatorica, 11(4) , 1991 . J. Friedman. On the second eigenvalue and random walks in random d-regular graphs. Combinatorica, 11(4), 1991."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1592568.1592588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1592568.1592576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1592568.1592577"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Approximation algorithms for network design: A survey","author":"Gupta A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Gupta and J. Konemann . Approximation algorithms for network design: A survey . Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science , 16 , 2011 . A. Gupta and J. Konemann. Approximation algorithms for network design: A survey. Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science, 16, 2011.","journal-title":"Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018436.2018442"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619239.2626328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535771.2535797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"Heller B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"B. Heller : Saving energy in data center networks . In NSDI , 2010 . B. Heller et al. ElasticTree: Saving energy in data center networks. In NSDI, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1299334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1970.tb01770.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"L. Li. CEO KentOptronics. Personal communication.  L. Li. CEO KentOptronics. Personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535771.2535791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2009.2017218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Upper bounds on the bisection width of 3- and 4-regular graphs","author":"Monien B.","year":"2006","unstructured":"B. Monien and R. Preis . Upper bounds on the bisection width of 3- and 4-regular graphs . Journal of Discrete Algorithms , 4 , 2006 . B. Monien and R. Preis. Upper bounds on the bisection width of 3- and 4-regular graphs. Journal of Discrete Algorithms, 4, 2006.","journal-title":"Journal of Discrete Algorithms"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","volume-title":"USENIX ATC","author":"Mudigonda J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. Mudigonda , P. Yalagandula , and J. C. Mogul . Taming the flying cable monster: A topology design and optimization framework for data-center networks . In USENIX ATC , 2011 . J. Mudigonda, P. Yalagandula, and J. C. Mogul. Taming the flying cable monster: A topology design and optimization framework for data-center networks. In USENIX ATC, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1355734.1355746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"S. Orfanidis. Electromagnetic waves and antennas; Chapter 15 19. http:\/\/www.ece.rutgers.edu\/~orfanidi\/ewa\/.  S. Orfanidis. Electromagnetic waves and antennas; Chapter 15 19. http:\/\/www.ece.rutgers.edu\/~orfanidi\/ewa\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1921168.1921189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2486001.2486007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02579324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342356.2342427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2396556.2396560"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"NSDI","author":"Singla A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"A. Singla , C.-Y. Hong , L. Popa , and P. B. Godfrey . Jellyfish: Networking data centers randomly . In NSDI , 2012 . A. Singla, C.-Y. Hong, L. Popa, and P. B. Godfrey. Jellyfish: Networking data centers randomly. In NSDI, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-6266-2","volume-title":"Principles of Lasers","author":"Svelto O.","year":"1998","unstructured":"O. Svelto . Principles of Lasers . Plenum Press , New York , Fourth edition, 1998 . O. Svelto. Principles of Lasers. Plenum Press, New York, Fourth edition, 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"SustainIT","author":"Turner J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"J. Turner . Effects of data center vibration on compute system performance . In SustainIT , 2010 . J. Turner. Effects of data center vibration on compute system performance. In SustainIT, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1851182.1851222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Hot-ICE","author":"Wang R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"R. Wang , D. Butnariu , and J. Rexford . Openflow-based server load balancing gone wild . In Hot-ICE , 2011 . R. Wang, D. Butnariu, and J. Rexford. Openflow-based server load balancing gone wild. In Hot-ICE, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Commscope\/Intel\/Cisco White Paper","author":"Yang Y.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Y. Yang , S. Goswami , and C. Hansen . 10GBASE-T ecosystem is ready for broad adoption . Commscope\/Intel\/Cisco White Paper , 2012 . Available at http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/en\/US\/prod\/collateral\/switches\/ps9441\/ps9670\/COM_WP_10GBASE_T_Ecosystem_US4.pdf. Y. Yang, S. Goswami, and C. Hansen. 10GBASE-T ecosystem is ready for broad adoption. Commscope\/Intel\/Cisco White Paper, 2012. Available at http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/en\/US\/prod\/collateral\/switches\/ps9441\/ps9670\/COM_WP_10GBASE_T_Ecosystem_US4.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2012.2218554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2342356.2342440"}],"event":{"name":"SIGCOMM'14: ACM SIGCOMM 2014 Conference","location":"Chicago Illinois USA","acronym":"SIGCOMM'14","sponsor":["SIGCOMM ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on SIGCOMM"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2619239.2626328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2619239.2626328","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:28:15Z","timestamp":1750217295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2619239.2626328"}},"subtitle":["a reconfigurable wireless data center fabric using free-space optics"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,17]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2619239.2626328","10.1145\/2619239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2619239.2626328","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2740070.2626328","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-08-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}