{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T08:30:22Z","timestamp":1769070622593,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social media sources such as Flickr and Twitter continuously generate large amounts of textual information (tags on Flickr and short messages on Twitter). This textual information is increasingly linked to geographical coordinates, which makes it possible to learn how people refer to places by identifying correlations between the occurrence of terms and the locations of the corresponding social media objects. Recent work has focused on how this potentially rich source of geographic information can be used to estimate geographic coordinates for previously unseen Flickr photos or Twitter messages. In this article, we extend this work by analysing to what extent probabilistic language models trained on Flickr and Twitter can be used to assign coordinates to Wikipedia articles. Our results show that exploiting these language models substantially outperforms both (i) classical gazetteer-based methods (in particular, using Yahoo! Placemaker and Geonames) and (ii) language modelling approaches trained on Wikipedia alone. This supports the hypothesis that social media are important sources of geographic information, which are valuable beyond the scope of individual applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2629685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]],"date-time":"2014-07-22T15:08:20Z","timestamp":1406041700000},"page":"1-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Georeferencing Wikipedia Documents Using Data from Social Media Sources"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Olivier Van","family":"Laere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yahoo Labs, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Schockaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Tanasescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Dhoedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University - iMinds, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009040"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1142473.1142505"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1871437.1871535"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1526709.1526812"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Terra Cognita Workshop. 3--10","author":"De Rouck C.","unstructured":"C. De Rouck , O. Van Laere , S. Schockaert , and B. Dhoedt . 2011. Georeferencing Wikipedia pages using language models from Flickr . In Proceedings of the Terra Cognita Workshop. 3--10 . C. De Rouck, O. Van Laere, S. Schockaert, and B. Dhoedt. 2011. Georeferencing Wikipedia pages using language models from Flickr. In Proceedings of the Terra Cognita Workshop. 3--10."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 1277--1287","author":"Eisenstein J.","unstructured":"J. Eisenstein , B. O'Connor , N. A. Smith , and E. P. Xing . 2010. A latent variable model for geographic lexical variation . In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 1277--1287 . J. Eisenstein, B. O'Connor, N. A. Smith, and E. P. Xing. 2010. A latent variable model for geographic lexical variation. 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In Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 1--8. J. H. Hays and A. A. Efros. 2008. IM2GPS: Estimating geographic information from a single image. In Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 1--8."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810701850547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2065023.2065039"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Working Notes of the MediaEval Workshop. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-807\/Krippner_CUT_Placing_me11wn.pdf.","author":"Krippner F.","unstructured":"F. Krippner , G. Meier , J. Hartmann , and R. Knauf . Placing media items using the Xtrieval framework . In Working Notes of the MediaEval Workshop. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-807\/Krippner_CUT_Placing_me11wn.pdf. F. Krippner, G. Meier, J. Hartmann, and R. Knauf. Placing media items using the Xtrieval framework. In Working Notes of the MediaEval Workshop. http:\/\/ceur-ws.org\/Vol-807\/Krippner_CUT_Placing_me11wn.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1722080.1722088"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management. 146--153","author":"Manguinhas H.","unstructured":"H. Manguinhas , B. Martins , and J. Borbinha . 2008. A geo-temporal Web gazetteer integrating data from multiple sources . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management. 146--153 . H. Manguinhas, B. Martins, and J. Borbinha. 2008. A geo-temporal Web gazetteer integrating data from multiple sources. 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