{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:11:15Z","timestamp":1784848275346,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000146","name":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>\n            is a key concept in privacy policies. Although some models have been proposed for enforcing\n            <jats:italic>purpose-based privacy policies<\/jats:italic>\n            , little has been done in defining formal semantics for purpose, and therefore an effective enforcement mechanism for such policies has remained a challenge. We have developed a framework for expressing and enforcing such policies by giving a formal definition of purpose and proposing a modal-logic language for formally expressing purpose constraints. The semantics of this language are defined over an abstract model of\n            <jats:italic>workflows<\/jats:italic>\n            . Based on this formal framework, we discuss some properties of purpose, show how common forms of purpose constraints can be formalized, how purpose-based constraints can be connected to more general access control policies, and how they can be enforced in a workflow-based information system by extending common access control technologies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2629689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T13:53:48Z","timestamp":1407851628000},"page":"1-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Framework for Expressing and Enforcing Purpose-Based Privacy Policies"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reihaneh","family":"Safavi-Naini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W. L.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools (2nd. Ed.)","author":"Aho A. V.","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. V. Aho , M. S. Lam , R. Sethi , and J. D. Ullman . 2006 . Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools (2nd. Ed.) . Addison-Wesley . A. V. Aho, M. S. Lam, R. Sethi, and J. D. Ullman. 2006. Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools (2nd. Ed.). Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC'07)","author":"Al-Fedaghi S. S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"S. S. Al-Fedaghi . 2007 . Beyond purpose-based privacy access control . In Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC'07) . James Bailey and Alan Fekete (Eds.), 23--32. S. S. Al-Fedaghi. 2007. Beyond purpose-based privacy access control. In Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Database Conference (ADC'07). James Bailey and Alan Fekete (Eds.), 23--32."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS'96)","volume":"1146","author":"Atluri V.","unstructured":"V. Atluri and W. K. Huang . 1996. An authorization model for workflows . In Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS'96) . Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 1146 , Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 44--64. V. Atluri and W. K. Huang. 1996. An authorization model for workflows. In Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS'96). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1146, Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 44--64."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/300830.300837"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC'01)","author":"Bonatti P. A.","unstructured":"P. A. Bonatti , E. Damiani , S. de Capitani di Vimercati, and P. Samarati. 2001. A component-based architecture for secure data publication . In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC'01) . 309--318. P. A. Bonatti, E. Damiani, S. de Capitani di Vimercati, and P. Samarati. 2001. A component-based architecture for secure data publication. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC'01). 309--318."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"M. Bratman. 1987. Intention Plans and Practical Reason. Harvard University Press.  M. Bratman. 1987. Intention Plans and Practical Reason. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/POLICY.2005.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1063979.1063998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-006-0023-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic e-Science (SeS'07)","author":"Cheung W.","unstructured":"W. Cheung and Y. Gil . 2007. Towards privacy aware data analysis workflows for e-Science . In Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic e-Science (SeS'07) . 17--25. W. Cheung and Y. Gil. 2007. Towards privacy aware data analysis workflows for e-Science. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic e-Science (SeS'07). 17--25."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"HL7 Harmonization Proposal","author":"Connor K.","year":"2012","unstructured":"K. Connor . 2012. HL7 Harmonization Proposal July 2012 Security WG Purpose of Use . http:\/\/wiki.hl7.org\/index.php&quest;title=HL7_Security_Document_Library. K. Connor. 2012. HL7 Harmonization Proposal July 2012 Security WG Purpose of Use. http:\/\/wiki.hl7.org\/index.php&quest;title=HL7_Security_Document_Library."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1063979.1063986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1377836.1377842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (CEC). 349--256","author":"Desmarais C.","unstructured":"C. Desmarais , X. Shen , S. Shirmohammadi , A. Cameron , N. D. Georganas , and I. Kerr . 2007. PLUTO -- A privacy control protocol for e-Commerce communities . In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (CEC). 349--256 . C. Desmarais, X. Shen, S. Shirmohammadi, A. Cameron, N. D. Georganas, and I. Kerr. 2007. PLUTO -- A privacy control protocol for e-Commerce communities. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (CEC). 349--256."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"L. L. Dimitropoulos. 2006. Privacy and security solutions for interoperable health information exchange. http:\/\/www.rti.org\/pubs\/nationwide_summary.pdf.  L. L. Dimitropoulos. 2006. Privacy and security solutions for interoperable health information exchange. http:\/\/www.rti.org\/pubs\/nationwide_summary.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"691","author":"Ellis C. A.","unstructured":"C. A. Ellis and G. J. Nutt . 1993. Modeling and enactment of workflow systems . In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets. Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 691 , Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 1--16. C. A. Ellis and G. J. Nutt. 1993. Modeling and enactment of workflow systems. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 691, Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 1--16."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/500737.500747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"IT-Security and Privacy: Design and Use of Privacy-Enhancing Security Mechanisms","author":"Fischer-H\u00fcbner S.","unstructured":"S. Fischer-H\u00fcbner . 2001. IT-Security and Privacy: Design and Use of Privacy-Enhancing Security Mechanisms , Chapter 5: A task-based privacy model. Springer , Berlin . S. Fischer-H\u00fcbner. 2001. IT-Security and Privacy: Design and Use of Privacy-Enhancing Security Mechanisms, Chapter 5: A task-based privacy model. Springer, Berlin."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Logic for Computer Science: Foundations of Automatic Theorem Proving","author":"Gallier J. H.","unstructured":"J. H. Gallier . 1985. Logic for Computer Science: Foundations of Automatic Theorem Proving . Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. , New York, NY . J. H. Gallier. 1985. Logic for Computer Science: Foundations of Automatic Theorem Proving. Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Technical Report TR-2003-05, North Carolina State University.","author":"Haygood H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"H. Haygood , Q. He , S. Smith , and J. Snare . 2003 . A privacy-aware database interface. Technical Report TR-2003-05, North Carolina State University. H. Haygood, Q. He, S. Smith, and J. Snare. 2003. A privacy-aware database interface. Technical Report TR-2003-05, North Carolina State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Requirements Engineering. 115--124","author":"He Q.","unstructured":"Q. He and A. I. Ant\u00f3n . 2003. A framework for modeling privacy requirements in role engineering . In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Requirements Engineering. 115--124 . Q. He and A. I. Ant\u00f3n. 2003. A framework for modeling privacy requirements in role engineering. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Requirements Engineering. 115--124."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11555827_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/975331"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"IBM. 2003. The Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language (EPAL 1.1). IBM.  IBM. 2003. The Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language (EPAL 1.1). IBM."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"IHTSDO. 2012. SNOMED CT Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms. IHTSDO International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. http:\/\/www.ihtsdo.org\/snomed-ct\/.  IHTSDO. 2012. SNOMED CT Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms. IHTSDO International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. http:\/\/www.ihtsdo.org\/snomed-ct\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180405.1180423"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"ISO. 2011. ISO\/TS 14265:2011 Health Informatics - Classification of Purposes for Processing Personal Health Information. ISO International Organization for Standardization.  ISO. 2011. ISO\/TS 14265:2011 Health Informatics - Classification of Purposes for Processing Personal Health Information. ISO International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Release 2. ISO\/HL7 27932:2009. ISO","author":"ISO.","unstructured":"ISO. 2009. Data Exchange Standards -- HL7 Clinical Document Architecture , Release 2. ISO\/HL7 27932:2009. ISO , International Organization for Standardization . ISO. 2009. Data Exchange Standards -- HL7 Clinical Document Architecture, Release 2. ISO\/HL7 27932:2009. ISO, International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"ANSI\/HL7 V3 RIM, R1-2003. ISO","author":"ISO.","unstructured":"ISO. 2003. HL7 Reference Information Model , ANSI\/HL7 V3 RIM, R1-2003. ISO , International Organization for Standardization . ISO. 2003. HL7 Reference Information Model, ANSI\/HL7 V3 RIM, R1-2003. ISO, International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Technical Report 2013-1046-13, University of Calgary.","author":"Jafari M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Jafari , J\u00f6rg Denzinger , R. Safavi-Naini , and K. Barker . 2013 a. A workflow authorization framework for enforcing purpose-based privacy policies. Technical Report 2013-1046-13, University of Calgary. M. Jafari, J\u00f6rg Denzinger, R. Safavi-Naini, and K. Barker. 2013a. A workflow authorization framework for enforcing purpose-based privacy policies. Technical Report 2013-1046-13, University of Calgary."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Technical Report 2013-1037-04, University of Calgary.","author":"Jafari M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"M. Jafari , P. W. L. Fong , R. Safavi-Naini , and K. Barker . 2013 b. A framework for expressing and enforcing purpose-based privacy policies. Technical Report 2013-1037-04, University of Calgary. M. Jafari, P. W. L. Fong, R. Safavi-Naini, and K. Barker. 2013b. A framework for expressing and enforcing purpose-based privacy policies. Technical Report 2013-1037-04, University of Calgary."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1943513.1943541"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866870.1866883"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1655188.1655206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1379287.1379293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 89--103","author":"Jensen T.","unstructured":"T. Jensen , D. Le Metayer , and T. Thorn . 1999. Verification of control flow based security properties . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 89--103 . T. Jensen, D. Le Metayer, and T. Thorn. 1999. Verification of control flow based security properties. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy. 89--103."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-011-9305-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","article-title":"Semantical considerations on modal logic","volume":"16","author":"Kripke S.","year":"1963","unstructured":"S. Kripke . 1963 . Semantical considerations on modal logic . Acta Philosophica Fennica 16 , 1963 (1963), 83--94. S. Kripke. 1963. Semantical considerations on modal logic. Acta Philosophica Fennica 16, 1963 (1963), 83--94.","journal-title":"Acta Philosophica Fennica"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00899-3_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88873-4_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"NCI. 2012. NCI Thesaurus v.12.04e. http:\/\/nciterms.nci.nih.gov. NCI.  NCI. 2012. NCI Thesaurus v.12.04e. http:\/\/nciterms.nci.nih.gov. NCI."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"OASIS. 2013. eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) Version 3.0. OASIS.  OASIS. 2013. eXtensible Access Control Markup Language (XACML) Version 3.0. OASIS."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","unstructured":"OASIS. 2005. Privacy Policy Profile of XACML v2.0. OASIS.  OASIS. 2005. Privacy Policy Profile of XACML v2.0. OASIS."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"OASIS. 2009. Cross-Enterprise Security and Privacy Authorization (XSPA) Profile of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) for Healthcare Version 1.0. OASIS.  OASIS. 2009. Cross-Enterprise Security and Privacy Authorization (XSPA) Profile of Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) for Healthcare Version 1.0. OASIS."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"OECD. 1980. OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. OECD.  OECD. 1980. OECD Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. OECD."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA.2008.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356698.356702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electronic Commerce (ISEC'02)","author":"Powers C. S.","unstructured":"C. S. Powers , P. Ashley , and M. Schunter . 2002. Privacy promises, access control, and privacy management . In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electronic Commerce (ISEC'02) . IEEE Computer Society, 13--21. C. S. Powers, P. Ashley, and M. Schunter. 2002. Privacy promises, access control, and privacy management. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electronic Commerce (ISEC'02). IEEE Computer Society, 13--21."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd. Ed.)","author":"Russell S. J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"S. J. Russell and P. Norvig . 2009 . Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd. Ed.) . Prentice Hall . S. J. Russell and P. Norvig. 2009. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd. Ed.). Prentice Hall."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31540-4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2012.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN Tools (CPN'02)","author":"W. M.","unstructured":"W. M. P. van der Aalst and A. H. M. ter Hofstede. 2002. Workflow patterns: On the expressive power of (Petri-net based) workflow languages . In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN Tools (CPN'02) . 1--20. W. M. P. van der Aalst and A. H. M. ter Hofstede. 2002. Workflow patterns: On the expressive power of (Petri-net based) workflow languages. In Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Practical Use of Coloured Petri Nets and the CPN Tools (CPN'02). 1--20."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2004.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022883727209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Petri Nets and Related Formalisms. 31--50","author":"W. M.","unstructured":"W. M. P. van der Aalst, K. M. van Hee, and G. J. Houben. 1994. Modelling workflow management systems with high-level Petri nets . In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Petri Nets and Related Formalisms. 31--50 . W. M. P. van der Aalst, K. M. van Hee, and G. J. Houben. 1994. Modelling workflow management systems with high-level Petri nets. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Petri Nets and Related Formalisms. 31--50."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th Annual Information Security South Africa Conference (ISSA'05)","author":"van Staden W.","unstructured":"W. van Staden and M. S. Olivier . 2005. Purpose organisation . In Proceedings of the 5th Annual Information Security South Africa Conference (ISSA'05) . W. van Staden and M. S. Olivier. 2005. Purpose organisation. In Proceedings of the 5th Annual Information Security South Africa Conference (ISSA'05)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11824633_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume":"4657","author":"van Staden W.","unstructured":"W. van Staden and M. S. Olivier . 2007. Using purpose lattices to facilitate customisation of privacy agreements . In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business. Lecture Notes in Computer Science , vol. 4657 , Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 201--209. W. van Staden and M. S. Olivier. 2007. Using purpose lattices to facilitate customisation of privacy agreements. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4657, Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, 201--209."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","unstructured":"W3C. 2006. The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.1 (P3P1.1) Specification. W3C.  W3C. 2006. The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.1 (P3P1.1) Specification. W3C."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"Formal Semantics of Programming Languages","author":"Winskel G.","unstructured":"G. Winskel . 1993. Formal Semantics of Programming Languages . The MIT Press . G. Winskel. 1993. Formal Semantics of Programming Languages. The MIT Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAS.2007.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Networking. 168--173","author":"Yasuda M.","unstructured":"M. Yasuda , T. Tachikawa , and M. Takizawa . 1998. A purpose-oriented access control model . In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Networking. 168--173 . M. Yasuda, T. Tachikawa, and M. Takizawa. 1998. A purpose-oriented access control model. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Networking. 168--173."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11788911_9"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Information and System Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2629689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2629689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:13:30Z","timestamp":1750227210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2629689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2629689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2629689","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9224","1557-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-9224","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}