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Embed. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We address the challenge of designing predictable real-time systems in an unpredictable thermal environment where environmental temperature may dynamically change (e.g., implantable medical devices). Towards this challenge, we propose a control-theoretic design methodology that permits a system designer to specify a set of hard real-time performance modes under which the system may operate. The system automatically adjusts the real-time performance mode based on the external thermal stress. We show (via analysis, simulations, and a hardware testbed implementation) that our control design framework is stable and control performance is equivalent to previous real-time thermal approaches, even under dynamic temperature changes. A crucial and novel advantage of our framework over previous real-time control is the ability to guarantee hard deadlines even under transitions between modes. Furthermore, our system design permits the calculation of a new metric called\n            <jats:italic>thermal resiliency<\/jats:italic>\n            that characterizes the maximum external thermal stress that any hard real-time performance mode can withstand. Thus, our design framework and analysis may be classified as a\n            <jats:italic>thermal stress analysis<\/jats:italic>\n            for real-time systems.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2632154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]],"date-time":"2014-08-21T12:19:12Z","timestamp":1408623552000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Design and Analysis Framework for Thermal-Resilient Hard Real-Time Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pradeep M.","family":"Hettiarachchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}]},{"given":"Masud","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}]},{"given":"Le Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}]},{"given":"Shinan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}]},{"given":"Weisong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University, Detroit, MI"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suscom.2011.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-31856-9_38"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1009383.1009838"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/580550.876439"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1403375.1403446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2007.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2009.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Bishop","author":"Dorf Richard C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richard C. 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