{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:15:18Z","timestamp":1750306518584,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]],"date-time":"2015-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"the iCORE division of Alberta Innovates Technology Futures"},{"name":"the Alberta Innovates Centre for Machine Learning"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We explore methods for effectively extracting information from clinical narratives that are captured in a public health consulting phone service called HealthLink. Our research investigates the application of state-of-the-art natural language processing and machine learning to clinical narratives to extract information of interest. The currently available data consist of dialogues constructed by nurses while consulting patients by phone. Since the data are interviews transcribed by nurses during phone conversations, they include a significant volume and variety of noise. When we extract the patient-related information from the noisy data, we have to remove or correct at least two kinds of noise:\n            <jats:italic>explicit noise<\/jats:italic>\n            , which includes spelling errors, unfinished sentences, omission of sentence delimiters, and variants of terms, and\n            <jats:italic>implicit noise<\/jats:italic>\n            , which includes non-patient information and patient's untrustworthy information. To filter explicit noise, we propose our own biomedical term detection\/normalization method: it resolves misspelling, term variations, and arbitrary abbreviation of terms by nurses. In detecting temporal terms, temperature, and other types of named entities (which show patients\u2019 personal information such as age and sex), we propose a bootstrapping-based pattern learning process to detect a variety of arbitrary variations of named entities. To address implicit noise, we propose a dependency path-based filtering method. The result of our denoising is the extraction of normalized patient information, and we visualize the named entities by constructing a graph that shows the relations between named entities. The objective of this knowledge discovery task is to identify associations between biomedical terms and to clearly expose the trends of patients\u2019 symptoms and concern; the experimental results show that we achieve reasonable performance with our noise reduction methods.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2651444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T13:33:00Z","timestamp":1438003980000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recognition of Patient-Related Named Entities in Noisy Tele-Health Texts"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mi-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osmar R.","family":"Zaiane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Goebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Automatic Content Extraction. English annotation guidelines for relations","author":"ACE.","year":"2008","unstructured":"ACE. 2008. Automatic Content Extraction. English annotation guidelines for relations . Linguistic Data Consortium , version 6.0-- 2008 .01.07 edition. Retrieved from http: \/\/www.ldc.upenn.edu\/Projects\/ACE\/. ACE. 2008. Automatic Content Extraction. English annotation guidelines for relations. Linguistic Data Consortium, version 6.0--2008.01.07 edition. Retrieved from http: \/\/www.ldc.upenn.edu\/Projects\/ACE\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of AMIA Symposium. 17--21","author":"Aronson A. R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"A. R. Aronson . 2001 . Effective mapping of biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus: The MetaMap program . In Proceedings of AMIA Symposium. 17--21 . A. R. Aronson. 2001. Effective mapping of biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus: The MetaMap program. In Proceedings of AMIA Symposium. 17--21."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Extraction of semantic biomedical relations from text using conditional random fields","volume":"23","author":"Bundschus M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Bundschus , M. Dejori , M. Stetter , V. Tresp , and H. P. Kriegel . 2008 . Extraction of semantic biomedical relations from text using conditional random fields . BMC Bioinformatics 23 , 9 , 207. M. Bundschus, M. Dejori, M. Stetter, V. Tresp, and H. P. Kriegel. 2008. Extraction of semantic biomedical relations from text using conditional random fields. BMC Bioinformatics 23, 9, 207.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium. 106--110","author":"Butte A. J.","unstructured":"A. J. Butte and R. Chen . 2006. Finding disease-related genomic experiments within an international repository: First steps in translational bioinformatics . In Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium. 106--110 . A. J. Butte and R. Chen. 2006. Finding disease-related genomic experiments within an international repository: First steps in translational bioinformatics. In Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium. 106--110.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1718487.1718501"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation","author":"Chang A. X.","unstructured":"A. X. Chang and C. D. Manning . 2012. SUTIME: A library for recognizing and normalizing time expressions . In Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation . Istanbul, Turkey, 3735--3740. A. X. Chang and C. D. Manning. 2012. SUTIME: A library for recognizing and normalizing time expressions. In Proceedings of the Eight International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Istanbul, Turkey, 3735--3740.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. 4--15","author":"Chun H. W.","unstructured":"H. W. Chun , Y. Tsuruoka , J. D. Kim , R. Shiba , N. Nagata , T. Hishiki , and J. Tsujii . 2006. Extraction of gene-disease relations from Medline using domain dictionaries and machine learning . In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. 4--15 . H. W. Chun, Y. Tsuruoka, J. D. Kim, R. Shiba, N. Nagata, T. Hishiki, and J. Tsujii. 2006. Extraction of gene-disease relations from Medline using domain dictionaries and machine learning. In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. 4--15.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the AMIA Summit on Translational Bioinformatics. 21","author":"Dai M.","unstructured":"M. Dai , N. H. Shah , W. Xuan , M. A. Musen , S. J. Watson , B. D. Athey , and F. Meng . 2008. An efficient solution for mapping free text to ontology terms . In Proceedings of the AMIA Summit on Translational Bioinformatics. 21 . M. Dai, N. H. Shah, W. Xuan, M. A. Musen, S. J. Watson, B. D. Athey, and F. Meng. 2008. An efficient solution for mapping free text to ontology terms. In Proceedings of the AMIA Summit on Translational Bioinformatics. 21.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","DOI":"10.1145\/363958.363994"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.004804"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th CoNLL Conference -- Shared Task. 1--12","author":"Farkas R.","unstructured":"R. Farkas , V. Vincze , G. M\u00f3ra , J. Csirik , and G. Szarvas . 2010. The CoNLL-2010 shared task: Learning to detect hedges and their scope in natural language text . In Proceedings of the 14th CoNLL Conference -- Shared Task. 1--12 . R. Farkas, V. Vincze, G. M\u00f3ra, J. Csirik, and G. Szarvas. 2010. The CoNLL-2010 shared task: Learning to detect hedges and their scope in natural language text. In Proceedings of the 14th CoNLL Conference -- Shared Task. 1--12.","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2000.0070593"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/342746"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28601-8_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"3781","article-title":"Semantic information in medical information systems: Utilization of text mining techniques to analyze medical diagnoses","volume":"14","author":"Holzinger A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"A. Holzinger , R. Geierhofer , F. Modritscher , and R. Tatzl . 2008 . Semantic information in medical information systems: Utilization of text mining techniques to analyze medical diagnoses . Journal of Universal Computer Science 14 , 22, 3781 -- 3795 . A. Holzinger, R. Geierhofer, F. Modritscher, and R. Tatzl. 2008. Semantic information in medical information systems: Utilization of text mining techniques to analyze medical diagnoses. Journal of Universal Computer Science 14, 22, 3781--3795.","journal-title":"Journal of Universal Computer Science"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2012.77"},{"volume-title":"Quality Issues in the Management of Web Information","author":"Holzinger A.","unstructured":"A. Holzinger , P. Yildirim , M. Geier , and K.-M. Simonic . 2013. Quality-based knowledge discovery from medical text on the web . In Quality Issues in the Management of Web Information , Intelligent Systems Reference Library, ISRL 50. Springer , Berlin, 145--158. A. Holzinger, P. Yildirim, M. Geier, and K.-M. Simonic. 2013. Quality-based knowledge discovery from medical text on the web. In Quality Issues in the Management of Web Information, Intelligent Systems Reference Library, ISRL 50. Springer, Berlin, 145--158.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","DOI":"10.1145\/290941.291008"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-S3-S3"},{"volume-title":"Veridicity. In Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar.","author":"Karttunen L.","unstructured":"L. Karttunen and A. Zaenen . 2005 . Veridicity. In Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar. Retrieved from http:\/\/drops.dagstuhl.de\/opus\/volltexte\/2005\/314\/pdf\/05151.KarttunenLauri.Paper.314.pdf. L. Karttunen and A. Zaenen. 2005. Veridicity. In Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar. Retrieved from http:\/\/drops.dagstuhl.de\/opus\/volltexte\/2005\/314\/pdf\/05151.KarttunenLauri.Paper.314.pdf.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: Shared Task. 1--9.","author":"Kim J.","unstructured":"J. Kim , T. Ohta , S. Pyysalo , Y. Kano , and J. Tsujii . 2009. Overview of BioNLP\u201909 shared task on event extraction . In Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: Shared Task. 1--9. J. Kim, T. Ohta, S. Pyysalo, Y. Kano, and J. Tsujii. 2009. Overview of BioNLP\u201909 shared task on event extraction. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: Shared Task. 1--9.","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACL. 1482--1491","author":"Kozareva Z.","unstructured":"Z. Kozareva and E. Hovy . 2010. Learning arguments and supertypes of semantic relations using recursive patterns . In Proceedings of the ACL. 1482--1491 . Z. Kozareva and E. Hovy. 2010. Learning arguments and supertypes of semantic relations using recursive patterns. In Proceedings of the ACL. 1482--1491.","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium. 542--551","author":"Li M.","unstructured":"M. Li and J. Patrick . 2012. Extracting temporal information from electronic patient records . In Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium. 542--551 . M. Li and J. Patrick. 2012. Extracting temporal information from electronic patient records. In Proceedings of the AMIA Annual Symposium. 542--551.","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 1385--1390","author":"Ling X.","unstructured":"X. Ling and D. S. Weld . 2010. Temporal information extraction . In Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 1385--1390 . X. Ling and D. S. Weld. 2010. Temporal information extraction. In Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). 1385--1390.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"},{"unstructured":"T. McIntosh. 2010. Unsupervised discovery of negative categories in lexicon bootstrapping. EMNLP 356--365.   T. McIntosh. 2010. Unsupervised discovery of negative categories in lexicon bootstrapping. EMNLP 356--365.","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","DOI":"10.1515\/jib-2007-79"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-S3-S6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1859127.1859136"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP. 144--152","author":"N\u00e9v\u00e9ol A.","unstructured":"A. N\u00e9v\u00e9ol , W. Kim , John W. Wilbur , and Z. Lu . 2009. Exploring two biomedical text genres for disease recognition . In Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP. 144--152 . A. N\u00e9v\u00e9ol, W. Kim, John W. Wilbur, and Z. Lu. 2009. Exploring two biomedical text genres for disease recognition. In Proceedings of the Workshop on BioNLP. 144--152.","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1"},{"volume-title":"LDC2006T08","author":"Pustejovsky J.","unstructured":"J. Pustejovsky , M. Verhagen , R. Saur\u00ed , J. Littman , R. Gaizauskas , G. Katz , I. Mani , R. Knippen , and A. Setzer . 2006. TimeBank 1.2. Linguistic Data Consortium , LDC2006T08 . J. Pustejovsky, M. Verhagen, R. Saur\u00ed, J. Littman, R. Gaizauskas, G. Katz, I. Mani, R. Knippen, and A. Setzer. 2006. TimeBank 1.2. Linguistic Data Consortium, LDC2006T08.","key":"e_1_2_1_30_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"Riloff E.","unstructured":"E. Riloff and J. Shepherd . 1997. A corpus-based approach for building semantic lexicons . In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing . Providence, RI, 117--124. E. Riloff and J. Shepherd. 1997. A corpus-based approach for building semantic lexicons. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Providence, RI, 117--124.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 11th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference. 474--479","author":"Riloff E.","unstructured":"E. Riloff and R. Jones . 1999. Learning dictionaries for information extraction by multilevel bootstrapping . In Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 11th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference. 474--479 . E. Riloff and R. Jones. 1999. Learning dictionaries for information extraction by multilevel bootstrapping. In Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 11th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference. 474--479.","key":"e_1_2_1_32_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'94)","author":"Robertson S.","unstructured":"S. Robertson and S. Walker . 1994. Some simple effective approximations to the 2-Poisson model for probabilistic weighted retrieval . In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'94) . ACM Press, 232--241. S. Robertson and S. Walker. 1994. Some simple effective approximations to the 2-Poisson model for probabilistic weighted retrieval. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'94). ACM Press, 232--241.","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0933-3657(03)00052-6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00096"},{"unstructured":"M. Skeppstedt M. Kvist and H. Dalianis. 2012. Rule-based entity recognition and coverage of SNOMED-CT in Swedish clinical text. LREC 1250--1257.  M. Skeppstedt M. Kvist and H. Dalianis. 2012. Rule-based entity recognition and coverage of SNOMED-CT in Swedish clinical text. LREC 1250--1257.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 321--324","author":"Str\u00f6tgen J.","unstructured":"J. Str\u00f6tgen and M. Gertz . 2010. HeidelTime: High quality rule-based extraction and normalization of temporal expressions . In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 321--324 . J. Str\u00f6tgen and M. Gertz. 2010. HeidelTime: High quality rule-based extraction and normalization of temporal expressions. In Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 321--324.","key":"e_1_2_1_37_1"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of HLT-NAACL BioNLP Workshop. 33--40","author":"Tanabe L. K.","unstructured":"L. K. Tanabe and W. J. Wilbur . 2006. A priority model for named entities . In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL BioNLP Workshop. 33--40 . L. K. Tanabe and W. J. Wilbur. 2006. A priority model for named entities. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL BioNLP Workshop. 33--40.","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","first-page":"552","article-title":"i2b2\/va challenge on concepts, assertions, and relations in clinical text","volume":"18","author":"South B.","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00d6. Uzuner, B. South , S. Shen , and S. DuVall . 2010 . i2b2\/va challenge on concepts, assertions, and relations in clinical text . Journal of the American Medical Information Association 18 , 5, 552 -- 556 . \u00d6. Uzuner, B. South, S. Shen, and S. DuVall. 2010. i2b2\/va challenge on concepts, assertions, and relations in clinical text. Journal of the American Medical Information Association 18, 5, 552--556.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Information Association"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1739041.1739130"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(88)90027-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg1047"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-S1-S2"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2651444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2651444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:11:55Z","timestamp":1750227115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2651444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2651444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2651444","relation":{},"ISSN":["2157-6904","2157-6912"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2157-6904"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2157-6912"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-07-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}