{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:54:18Z","timestamp":1761663258511,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGCAS Comput. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ecosystem approach to computer system development is similar to management of biodiversity. Instead of modeling machines after a successful individual, it models machines after successful teams. It includes measuring the evaluative diversity of human teams (i.e. the disparity in ways members conduct the evaluative aspect of decision-making), adding similarly diverse machines to those teams, and monitoring the impact on evaluative balance. This article reviews new research relevant to this approach, especially the validation of a survey instrument for measuring computational evaluative differences in humans (the GRINSQ). The research confirms the existence of all four known machine types among humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2656870.2656874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T12:28:17Z","timestamp":1406636897000},"page":"16-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Our responsibility to manage evaluative diversity"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Santos-Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Belleville, WI"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"John R. Alford Carolyn L. Funk and John R. Hibbing. 2005. Are political orientations genetically transmitted? American political science review 99 2 153--167.  John R. Alford Carolyn L. Funk and John R. Hibbing. 2005. Are political orientations genetically transmitted? American political science review 99 2 153--167.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055405051579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-006-0004-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays, Volume 4","volume":"10","author":"Berlekamp Elwyn R.","year":"2004","journal-title":"AMC"},{"volume-title":"Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies","year":"2014","author":"Bostrom Nick","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tim Dean. 2012. Evolution and moral diversity. Baltic international yearbook of cognition logic and communication 7.  Tim Dean. 2012. Evolution and moral diversity. Baltic international yearbook of cognition logic and communication 7.","DOI":"10.4148\/biyclc.v7i0.1775"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colin G. DeYoung Jacob B. Hirsh Matthew S. Shane Xenophon Papademetris Nallakkandi Rajeevan and Jeremy R. Gray. 2010. Testing predictions from personality neuroscience brain structure and the big five. Psychological science 21 6 820--828.  Colin G. DeYoung Jacob B. Hirsh Matthew S. Shane Xenophon Papademetris Nallakkandi Rajeevan and Jeremy R. Gray. 2010. Testing predictions from personality neuroscience brain structure and the big five. Psychological science 21 6 820--828.","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610370159"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"John M. Doris and Alexandra Plakias. 2008. How to argue about disagreement: Evaluative diversity and moral realism. In Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (ed.) Moral psychology Vol 2: The cognitive science of morality: Intuition and diversity. MIT Press Cambridge MA 303--331.  John M. Doris and Alexandra Plakias. 2008. How to argue about disagreement: Evaluative diversity and moral realism. In Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (ed.) Moral psychology Vol 2: The cognitive science of morality: Intuition and diversity . MIT Press Cambridge MA 303--331."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015141"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02071.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brosl Hasslacher and Mark W. Tilden. 1995. Living machines. Robotics and autonomous systems 15 1 143--169.  Brosl Hasslacher and Mark W. Tilden. 1995. Living machines. Robotics and autonomous systems 15 1 143--169.","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8890(95)00019-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jeth.2000.2709"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryota Kanai Tom Feilden Colin Firth and Geraint Rees. 2011. Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current biology 21 8 677--80.  Ryota Kanai Tom Feilden Colin Firth and Geraint Rees. 2011. Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. Current biology 21 8 677--80.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2025030"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"James Martin. 2000. After the internet: Alien intelligence. Regnery Publishing Washington DC.   James Martin. 2000. After the internet: Alien intelligence . Regnery Publishing Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040525"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Christopher C. Santos-Lang. 2014. Moral ecology approaches. In Simon van Rysewyk and Matthijs Pontier (eds.) Machine medical ethics. Springer New York NY 74--96.  Christopher C. Santos-Lang. 2014. Moral ecology approaches. In Simon van Rysewyk and Matthijs Pontier (eds.) Machine medical ethics . Springer New York NY 74--96."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052970"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the first annual conference on genetic programming. MIT press","year":"1996","author":"Thompson Adrian","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2010.00637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen. 2008. Moral machines: Teaching robots right from wrong. Oxford University Press Oxford.   Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen. 2008. Moral machines: Teaching robots right from wrong . Oxford University Press Oxford."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Weisberg and Ryan Muldoon. 2009. Epistemic landscapes and the division of cognitive labor. Philosophy of science 76 225--252.  Michael Weisberg and Ryan Muldoon. 2009. Epistemic landscapes and the division of cognitive labor. Philosophy of science 76 225--252.","DOI":"10.1086\/644786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craig A. Wendorf. 2001. History of American morality research 1894--1932. History of psychology 4 3 272--288.  Craig A. Wendorf. 2001. History of American morality research 1894--1932. History of psychology 4 3 272--288.","DOI":"10.1037\/1093-4510.4.3.272"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of DETC '97","year":"1997","author":"Wilde Douglass J.","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2656870.2656874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2656870.2656874","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:19:43Z","timestamp":1750231183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2656870.2656874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2656870.2656874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2656870.2656874","relation":{},"ISSN":["0095-2737"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0095-2737"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}