{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T04:51:28Z","timestamp":1773809488077,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":36,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2661088.2661101","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T08:29:24Z","timestamp":1413275364000},"page":"45-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Design and evaluation of gradual typing for python"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Vitousek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeremy G.","family":"Siek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rackspace Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/547964"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/75277.75296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1926385.1926409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"August","author":"Allende E.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fabry, Tanter, and Denker}allende:2013gradualtalk E. Allende , O. Calla\u00fa , J. Fabry , E. Tanter , and M. Denker . Gradual typing for smalltalk. phScience of Computer Programming , August 2013 . Fabry, Tanter, and Denker}allende:2013gradualtalkE. Allende, O. Calla\u00fa, J. Fabry, E. Tanter, and M. Denker. Gradual typing for smalltalk. phScience of Computer Programming, August 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"ECOOP'10","author":"Bierman G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"G. Bierman , E. Meijer , and M. Torgersen . Adding dynamic types to C\\#. In phEuropean Conference on Object-Oriented Programming , ECOOP'10 . Springer-Verlag , 2010 . G. Bierman, E. Meijer, and M. Torgersen. Adding dynamic types to C\\#. In phEuropean Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'10. Springer-Verlag, 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1639949.1640098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/165854.165893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering","author":"C. Chambers and the Cecil Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"C. Chambers and the Cecil Group . The Cecil language: Specification and rationale. Technical report , Department of Computer Science and Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle, Washington , 2004 . C. Chambers and the Cecil Group. The Cecil language: Specification and rationale. Technical report, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39038-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Facebook. Hack 2011. URL http:\/\/hacklang.org.  Facebook. Hack 2011. URL http:\/\/hacklang.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Dart: structured web apps","year":"2011","unstructured":"Google. Dart: structured web apps , 2011 . URL http:\/\/dartlang.org. Google. Dart: structured web apps, 2011. URL http:\/\/dartlang.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1094811.1094830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Sage: Hybrid checking for flexible specifications. In phScheme and Functional Programming Workshop","author":"Gronski J.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. Gronski , K. Knowles , A. Tomb , S. N. Freund , and C. Flanagan . Sage: Hybrid checking for flexible specifications. In phScheme and Functional Programming Workshop , pages 93 -- 104 , 2006 . J. Gronski, K. Knowles, A. Tomb, S. N. Freund, and C. Flanagan. Sage: Hybrid checking for flexible specifications. In phScheme and Functional Programming Workshop, pages 93--104, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"April","author":"Herman D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"D. Herman , A. Tomb , and C. Flanagan . Space-efficient gradual typing. In phTrends in Functional Prog. (TFP), page XXVIII , April 2007 . D. Herman, A. Tomb, and C. Flanagan. Space-efficient gradual typing. In phTrends in Functional Prog. (TFP), page XXVIII, April 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2048066.2048114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/512927.512945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508168.2508170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Static typing where possible, dynamic typing when needed: The end of the cold war between programming languages. In phOOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages","author":"Meijer E.","year":"2004","unstructured":"E. Meijer and P. Drayton . Static typing where possible, dynamic typing when needed: The end of the cold war between programming languages. In phOOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages , 2004 . E. Meijer and P. Drayton. Static typing where possible, dynamic typing when needed: The end of the cold war between programming languages. In phOOPSLA'04 Workshop on Revival of Dynamic Languages, 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2509136.2509536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2103656.2103714"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2480362.2480655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"ECOOP'11","author":"Richards G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"G. Richards , C. Hammer , B. Burg , and J. Vitek . The eval that men do: A large-scale study of the use of eval in javascript applications. In phEuropean Conference on Object-Oriented Programming , ECOOP'11 , pages 52 -- 78 , Berlin, Heidelberg , 2011 . G. Richards, C. Hammer, B. Burg, and J. Vitek. The eval that men do: A large-scale study of the use of eval in javascript applications. In phEuropean Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'11, pages 52--78, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Inria-Rocquencourt","author":"Serrano M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"M. Serrano . phBigloo : a practical Scheme compiler . Inria-Rocquencourt , April 2002 . M. Serrano. phBigloo: a practical Scheme compiler. Inria-Rocquencourt, April 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Is typescript gradually typed? part","author":"Siek J. G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. G. Siek . Is typescript gradually typed? part 2, Oct. 2013 . URL http:\/\/siek.blogspot.com\/2012\/10\/is-typescript- gradually-typed-part-2.html. J. G. Siek. Is typescript gradually typed? part 2, Oct. 2013. URL http:\/\/siek.blogspot.com\/2012\/10\/is-typescript- gradually-typed-part-2.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Gradual typing for functional languages. In phScheme and Functional Programming Workshop","author":"Siek J. G.","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. G. Siek and W. Taha . Gradual typing for functional languages. In phScheme and Functional Programming Workshop , pages 81 -- 92 , September 2006 . J. G. Siek and W. Taha. Gradual typing for functional languages. In phScheme and Functional Programming Workshop, pages 81--92, September 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73589-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1706299.1706342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00590-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2384616.2384674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/96709.96747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1176617.1176755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1328438.1328486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1863543.1863561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00590-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"ECOOP'11","author":"Wolff R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"R. Wolff , R. Garcia , E. Tanter , and J. Aldrich . Gradual typestate. In phEuropean Conference on Object-Oriented Programming , ECOOP'11 . Springer-Verlag , 2011 . R. Wolff, R. Garcia, E. Tanter, and J. Aldrich. Gradual typestate. In phEuropean Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP'11. Springer-Verlag, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1706299.1706343"}],"event":{"name":"SPLASH '14: Conference on Systems, Programming, and Applications: Software for Humanity","location":"Portland Oregon USA","acronym":"SPLASH '14","sponsor":["SIGPLAN ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages","SIGAda ACM Special Interest Group on Ada Programming Language"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 10th ACM Symposium on Dynamic languages"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2661088.2661101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2661088.2661101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:19:46Z","timestamp":1750216786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2661088.2661101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2661088.2661101","10.1145\/2661088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2661088.2661101","relation":{"is-identical-to":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1145\/2775052.2661101","asserted-by":"object"}]},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-10-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}