{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:16:26Z","timestamp":1769170586877,"version":"3.49.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":24,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Incaa Designs"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2663204.2663245","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T15:46:48Z","timestamp":1416239208000},"page":"10-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Written Activity, Representations and Fluency as Predictors of Domain Expertise in Mathematics"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Oviatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Incaa Designs, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.anoto.com\/lng\/en\/pageTag\/page:home\/","author":"Anoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anoto ( 2013 ) http:\/\/www.anoto.com\/lng\/en\/pageTag\/page:home\/ ; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013. Anoto (2013) http:\/\/www.anoto.com\/lng\/en\/pageTag\/page:home\/; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180995.1181039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The state of educational data mining in 2009: A review and future visions","volume":"1","author":"Baker R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baker , R. & Yacef , K. ( 2009 ). The state of educational data mining in 2009: A review and future visions , Journal of Educational Data Mining , 1 : 3 -- 17 . Baker, R. & Yacef, K. (2009). The state of educational data mining in 2009: A review and future visions, Journal of Educational Data Mining, 1:3--17.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Data Mining"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","author":"Cheng P. C. H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cheng , P. C. H. , & Rojas-Anaya , H. ( 2007 ). Measuring mathematical formula writing competence: An application of graphical protocol analysis. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.) , Proceedings of the 29th Conference of the Cognitive Science Society , Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, 869--874. Cheng, P. C. H., & Rojas-Anaya, H. (2007). Measuring mathematical formula writing competence: An application of graphical protocol analysis. In D. S. McNamara & J. G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, 869--874."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-007-9037-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Sentiment analysis: Emotion, metaphor, ontology and terminology, Marrakech, Morocco, 72--78.","author":"Dral J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dral , J. , Heylen , D. & op den Akker , R. ( 2008 ). Detecting uncertainty in spoken dialogues: An explorative research to the automatic detection of a speakers' uncertainty by using prosodic markers . In Sentiment analysis: Emotion, metaphor, ontology and terminology, Marrakech, Morocco, 72--78. Dral, J., Heylen, D. & op den Akker, R. (2008). Detecting uncertainty in spoken dialogues: An explorative research to the automatic detection of a speakers' uncertainty by using prosodic markers. In Sentiment analysis: Emotion, metaphor, ontology and terminology, Marrakech, Morocco, 72--78."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.visionobjects.notes mobile&hl=en","author":"Google","year":"2013","unstructured":"Google ( 2013 ) https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.visionobjects.notes mobile&hl=en ; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013. Google (2013) https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=com.visionobjects.notes mobile&hl=en; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.livescribe.com\/enus\/smartpen\/ls3\/","author":"Livescribe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Livescribe ( 2013 ) http:\/\/www.livescribe.com\/enus\/smartpen\/ls3\/ ; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013. Livescribe (2013) http:\/\/www.livescribe.com\/enus\/smartpen\/ls3\/; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Interspeech 2005-Europeech","author":"Liscombe J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liscombe , J. , Hirschberg , J. & Vendetti , J. ( 2005 ). Detecting certainness in spoken tutorial dialogs , Proceedings of Interspeech 2005-Europeech , Lisbon, Portugal. Liscombe, J., Hirschberg, J. & Vendetti, J. (2005). Detecting certainness in spoken tutorial dialogs, Proceedings of Interspeech 2005-Europeech, Lisbon, Portugal."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180995.1181049"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07370000903221775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Multimodal interfaces. In J. Jacko (Ed.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook:Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, 3rd ed","volume":"18","author":"Oviatt S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oviatt , S. ( 2012 ). Multimodal interfaces. In J. Jacko (Ed.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook:Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, 3rd ed . LEA: N.J. , 18 , 405 -- 430 . Oviatt, S. (2012). Multimodal interfaces. In J. Jacko (Ed.) The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook:Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies and Emerging Applications, 3rd ed. LEA: N.J., 18, 405--430.","journal-title":"LEA: N.J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Breaking the robustness barrier: Recent progress on the design of robust multimodal systems","author":"Oviatt S.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oviatt , S. ( 2002 ). Breaking the robustness barrier: Recent progress on the design of robust multimodal systems .In M. Zelkowitz (Ed.) Advances in Computers, Academic Press , 56, 305--341. Oviatt, S. (2002). Breaking the robustness barrier: Recent progress on the design of robust multimodal systems.In M. Zelkowitz (Ed.) Advances in Computers, Academic Press, 56, 305--341."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203366202","volume-title":"The Design of Future Educational Interfaces","author":"Oviatt S.L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oviatt , S.L. ( 2013 ). The Design of Future Educational Interfaces , Routledge Press . Oviatt, S.L. (2013). The Design of Future Educational Interfaces, Routledge Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Erkens & S. Puntambekar (Eds.) Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, International Society of the Learning Sciences, 8(2), 569--578","author":"Oviatt S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oviatt , S. , Arthur , A. , Brock , Y. & Cohen , J. ( 2007 ). Expressive pen-based interfaces for math education. In C. Chinn, G . Erkens & S. Puntambekar (Eds.) Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, International Society of the Learning Sciences, 8(2), 569--578 . Oviatt, S., Arthur, A., Brock, Y. & Cohen, J. (2007). Expressive pen-based interfaces for math education. In C. Chinn, G. Erkens & S. Puntambekar (Eds.) Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, International Society of the Learning Sciences, 8(2), 569--578."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2522848.2533793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2362364.2362370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2522848.2533790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Supporting students' thinking marks: Designing accessible interfaces for science education","author":"Oviatt S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oviatt , S. , Mann , A. & Cohen , A. ( 2010 ). Supporting students' thinking marks: Designing accessible interfaces for science education , American Association for Educational Research , New Orleans, LA . Oviatt, S., Mann, A. & Cohen, A. (2010). Supporting students' thinking marks: Designing accessible interfaces for science education, American Association for Educational Research, New Orleans, LA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 21st Intl. FLAIRS Conference","author":"Purandare A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Purandare , A. & Litman , D. ( 2008 ). Content-learning correlations in spoken tutoring dialogs at word, turn, and discourse levels , Proceedings of 21st Intl. FLAIRS Conference , Coconut Grove, FL. Purandare, A. & Litman, D. (2008). Content-learning correlations in spoken tutoring dialogs at word, turn, and discourse levels, Proceedings of 21st Intl. FLAIRS Conference, Coconut Grove, FL."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/us\/topic\/the-nextbig-thing-is-here\/","author":"Samsung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Samsung ( 2013 ) http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/us\/topic\/the-nextbig-thing-is-here\/ ; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013 Samsung (2013) http:\/\/www.samsung.com\/us\/topic\/the-nextbig-thing-is-here\/; retrieved Oct. 31, 2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2389268.2389269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.22.3.292.35967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"AERA Conference.","author":"Worsley M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Worsley , M. & Blikstein , P. ( 2010 ). Toward the development of learning analytics: Student speech as an automatic and natural form of assessment , AERA Conference. Worsley, M. & Blikstein, P. (2010). Toward the development of learning analytics: Student speech as an automatic and natural form of assessment, AERA Conference."}],"event":{"name":"ICMI '14: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION","location":"Istanbul Turkey","acronym":"ICMI '14","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2663204.2663245","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2663204.2663245","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:13:47Z","timestamp":1750227227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2663204.2663245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2663204.2663245","10.1145\/2663204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2663204.2663245","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}