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It is often stated that there is a fundamental trade-off between spatial and angular resolution, but there has been limited understanding of this trade-off theoretically or numerically. Moreover, it is very difficult to evaluate the<jats:italic>design<\/jats:italic>of a light field camera because a new design is usually reported with its prototype and rendering algorithm, both of which affect resolution.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In this article, we develop a light transport framework for understanding the fundamental limits of light field camera resolution. We first derive the prefiltering model of lenslet-based light field cameras. The main novelty of our model is in considering the full space-angle sensitivity profile of the photosensor\u2014in particular, real pixels have nonuniform<jats:italic>angular sensitivity<\/jats:italic>, responding more to light along the optical axis rather than at grazing angles. We show that the full sensor profile plays an important role in defining the performance of a light field camera. The proposed method can model all existing lenslet-based light field cameras and allows to compare them in a unified way in simulation, independent of the practical differences between particular prototypes. We further extend our framework to analyze the performance of two rendering methods: the simple projection-based method and the inverse light transport process. We validate our framework with both flatland simulation and real data from the Lytro light field camera.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2665075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T14:08:19Z","timestamp":1425391699000},"page":"1-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["A Light Transport Framework for Lenslet Light Field Cameras"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Chia-Kai","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lytro, Inc., Mountainview, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Ramamoorthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. 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