{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:16:09Z","timestamp":1750306569421,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The emulation speed of a full system emulator (FSE) determines its usefulness. This work quantitatively measures where time is spent in QEMU [Bellard 2005], an industrial-strength FSE. The analysis finds that memory emulation is one of the most heavily exercised emulator components. For workloads studied, 38.1% of the emulation time is spent in memory emulation on average, even though QEMU implements a software translation lookaside buffer (STLB) to accelerate dynamic address translation. Despite the amount of time spent in memory emulation, there has been no study on how to further improve its speed. This work analyzes where time is spent in memory emulation and studies the performance impact of a number of STLB optimizations. Although there are several performance optimization techniques for hardware TLBs, this work finds that the trade-offs with an STLB are quite different compared to those with hardware TLBs. As a result, not all hardware TLB performance optimization techniques are applicable to STLBs and vice versa. The evaluated STLB optimizations target STLB lookups, as well as refills, and result in an average emulator performance improvement of 24.4% over the baseline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2686034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T20:02:10Z","timestamp":1421092930000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimizing Memory Translation Emulation in Full System Emulators"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Koju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research, Tokyo"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Kawahito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research, Tokyo"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Moshovos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, ON, Canada"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","DOI":"10.5555\/1247360.1247401"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1353534.1346286"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1167473.1167488"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2576195.2576201"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","DOI":"10.1145\/146628.139708"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2442516.2442537"},{"unstructured":"Android Developers. 2011. What Is Android. Android Developers. 2011. What Is Android.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"unstructured":"Nadeem Firasta Mark Buxton Paula Jinbo Kaveh Nasri and Shihjong Kuo. 2008. Intel AVX: New Frontiers in Performance Improvements and Energy Efficiency. Intel White Paper. Nadeem Firasta Mark Buxton Paula Jinbo Kaveh Nasri and Shihjong Kuo. 2008. Intel AVX: New Frontiers in Performance Improvements and Energy Efficiency. Intel White Paper.","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"752","article-title":"Address translation unit employing a victim TLB","volume":"5","author":"Garibay Raul A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raul A. Garibay Jr ., Marc A. Quattromani , and Douglas Beard . 1998 . Address translation unit employing a victim TLB . U.S. Patent 5 , 752 ,274. Raul A. Garibay Jr., Marc A. Quattromani, and Douglas Beard. 1998. Address translation unit employing a victim TLB. U.S. Patent 5,752,274.","journal-title":"U.S. Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Patterson","author":"Hennessy John L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"John L. Hennessy and David A . Patterson . 2003 . Computer Architecture : A Quantitative Approach (3rd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann , San Francisco, CA. John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson. 2003. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (3rd ed.). Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1186736.1186737"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","DOI":"10.1109\/40.710872"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"The Haswell microarchitecture\u20144th generation processor","volume":"4","author":"Jain Tarush","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarush Jain and Tanmay Agrawal . 2013 . The Haswell microarchitecture\u20144th generation processor . International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies 4 , 3, 477 -- 480 . Tarush Jain and Tanmay Agrawal. 2013. The Haswell microarchitecture\u20144th generation processor. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies 4, 3, 477--480.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JVM JVMTI. 2005. Tool Interface v1. 0. JVM JVMTI. 2005. Tool Interface v1. 0.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","DOI":"10.1049\/cp:20050902"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2013.6522340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","article-title":"Bochs: A portable PC emulator for Unix\/X","volume":"1996","author":"Lawton Kevin P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kevin P. Lawton . 1996 . Bochs: A portable PC emulator for Unix\/X . Linux Journal 1996 , 29es, Article No. 7. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm&quest;id=326350.326357. Kevin P. Lawton. 1996. Bochs: A portable PC emulator for Unix\/X. Linux Journal 1996, 29es, Article No. 7. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm&quest;id=326350.326357.","journal-title":"Linux Journal"},{"unstructured":"John Levon. 2004. OProfile Manual. Victoria University of Manchester. John Levon. 2004. OProfile Manual. Victoria University of Manchester.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1065010.1065034"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","DOI":"10.1109\/2.982916"},{"volume-title":"IBM System z Personal Development Tool","author":"Ogden Bill","unstructured":"Bill Ogden . 2013. IBM System z Personal Development Tool : Volume 2 Installation and Basic Use. IBM Redbooks . Bill Ogden. 2013. IBM System z Personal Development Tool: Volume 2 Installation and Basic Use. IBM Redbooks.","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2024724.2024954"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1217935.1217938"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPASS.2013.6557159"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2686034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2686034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:13:21Z","timestamp":1750227201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2686034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2686034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2686034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-3566","1544-3973"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1544-3566"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1544-3973"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-01-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}