{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:49:52Z","timestamp":1776102592188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We present an augmented airbrush that allows novices to experience the art of spray painting. Inspired by the thriving field of smart tools, our handheld device uses 6DOF tracking, augmentation of the airbrush trigger, and a specialized algorithm to restrict the application of paint to a preselected reference image. Our device acts both as a physical spraying device and as an intelligent assistive tool, providing simultaneous manual and computerized control. Unlike prior art, here the virtual simulation guides the physical rendering (\n            <jats:italic>inverse rendering<\/jats:italic>\n            ), allowing for a new spray painting experience with singular physical results. We present our novel hardware design, control software, and a user study that verifies our research objectives.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2699649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,3]],"date-time":"2015-03-03T14:08:19Z","timestamp":1425391699000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Augmented Airbrush for Computer Aided Painting (CAP)"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Roy","family":"Shilkrot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pattie","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Paradiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Zoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073221"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging (CAe'12)","author":"Deussen O.","unstructured":"O. Deussen , T. Lindemeier , S. Pirk , and M. Tautzenberger . 2012. Feedback-guided stroke placement for a painting machine . In Proceedings of the 8th Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging (CAe'12) . Eurographics Association, 25--33. O. Deussen, T. Lindemeier, S. Pirk, and M. Tautzenberger. 2012. Feedback-guided stroke placement for a painting machine. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging (CAe'12). Eurographics Association, 25--33."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185540"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2047196.2047245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1166253.1166290"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/146443.146452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383295"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2501997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'07)","author":"Kim D.","unstructured":"D. Kim , Y. Yoon , S. Hwang , G. Lee , and J. Park . 2007. Visualizing spray paint deposition in VR training . In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'07) . 307--308. D. Kim, Y. Yoon, S. Hwang, G. Lee, and J. Park. 2007. Visualizing spray paint deposition in VR training. In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'07). 307--308."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1572614.1572625"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI'12)","author":"Laviole J.","unstructured":"J. Laviole and M. Hachet . 2012. PapARt: Interactive 3D graphics and multi-touch augmented paper for artistic creation . In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI'12) . 3--6. J. Laviole and M. Hachet. 2012. PapARt: Interactive 3D graphics and multi-touch augmented paper for artistic creation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI'12). 3--6."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964922"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"R. Levinson P. Berdahl and H. Akbari. 2014. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory pigment database. http:\/\/coolcolors.lbl.gov\/LBNL-Pigment-Database\/database.html.  R. Levinson P. Berdahl and H. Akbari. 2014. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory pigment database. http:\/\/coolcolors.lbl.gov\/LBNL-Pigment-Database\/database.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2462016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185542"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Computer-controlled airbrush with motion tracking. Tech. rep","author":"Luk J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"J. Luk . 2004. Computer-controlled airbrush with motion tracking. Tech. rep ., University of British Colombia , Vancouver, B.C. https:\/\/courses.ece. ubc.ca\/518\/previous\/hit 2004 \/papers\/Luk.pdf. J. Luk. 2004. Computer-controlled airbrush with motion tracking. Tech. rep., University of British Colombia, Vancouver, B.C. https:\/\/courses.ece. ubc.ca\/518\/previous\/hit2004\/papers\/Luk.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366176"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'07)","author":"Skeels C.","unstructured":"C. Skeels and J. M. Rehg . 2007. ShapeShift: A projector-guided sculpture system . In Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'07) . C. Skeels and J. M. Rehg. 2007. ShapeShift: A projector-guided sculpture system. In Proceedings of the Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'07)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/15922.15911"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Toy Story Wallpapers. 2014. http:\/\/www.toystorywallpapers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wallpapers\/woody_headshot_toy_story_3_wallpaper_-_1600x1200.jpg.  Toy Story Wallpapers. 2014. http:\/\/www.toystorywallpapers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/wallpapers\/woody_headshot_toy_story_3_wallpaper_-_1600x1200.jpg."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8659.00589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'07)","author":"Yang U.","unstructured":"U. Yang , G. Lee , S. Shin , S. Hwang , and W. Son . 2007. Virtual reality based paint spray training system . In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'07) . 289--290. U. Yang, G. Lee, S. Shin, S. Hwang, and W. Son. 2007. Virtual reality based paint spray training system. In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR'07). 289--290."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Yoda's Datapad. 2014. http:\/\/www.yodasdatapad.com\/livingroom\/fanworks\/art\/landon\/yoda.html.  Yoda's Datapad. 2014. http:\/\/www.yodasdatapad.com\/livingroom\/fanworks\/art\/landon\/yoda.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481361"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2014.59"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2699649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2699649","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:16:59Z","timestamp":1750227419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2699649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2699649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2699649","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-03-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}