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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Simulating a complex luminaire such as a chandelier is expensive and slow, even using state-of-the-art algorithms. A more practical alternative is to use precomputation to accelerate rendering. Prior approaches cached information on an aperture surface that separates the luminaire from the scene, but many luminaires have large or ill-defined apertures leading to excessive data storage and inaccurate results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this article, we separate luminaire rendering into illumination and appearance components. A precomputation stage simulates the complex light flow inside the luminaire to generate two data structures: a set of\n                    <jats:italic>anisotropic point lights<\/jats:italic>\n                    (APLs) and a radiance volume. The APLs are located near apparent sources and represent the light leaving the luminaire, allowing its nearand far-field illumination to be accurately and efficiently computed at render time. The luminaire's appearance consists of high- and low-frequency components, which are both visually important. High-frequency components are computed dynamically at render time, while the more computationally expensive low-frequency components are approximated using the precomputed radiance volume.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results are shown for several complex luminaires, demonstrating orders of magnitude faster rendering compared to the best global illumination algorithms and higher fidelity with greatly reduced storage requirements compared to previous precomputed approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2714571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T12:30:57Z","timestamp":1431347457000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Complex Luminaires"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Edgar","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Armend\u00e1riz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00994480.1993.10748029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the LIGHTFAIR Pre-Conference Workshop. 1--46","author":"Ashdown I.","year":"2001","unstructured":"I. Ashdown . 2001 . Thinking photometrically part ii . In Proceedings of the LIGHTFAIR Pre-Conference Workshop. 1--46 . I. Ashdown. 2001. Thinking photometrically part ii. 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IES LM-63-2002 , IESNA Standard File Format for the Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information . Illuminating Engineering Society of North America . IESNA. 2002. IES LM-63-2002, IESNA Standard File Format for the Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"W. Jakob. 2010. Mitsuba renderer. www.mitsuba-renderer.org.  W. Jakob. 2010. Mitsuba renderer. www.mitsuba-renderer.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185554"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01484.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Computer Graphics Conference.","volume":"93","author":"Lafortune E. P.","unstructured":"E. P. Lafortune and Y. D. Willems . 1993. Bi-directional path tracing . In Proceedings of the Computer Graphics Conference. Vol. 93 . 145--153. E. P. Lafortune and Y. D. Willems. 1993. Bi-directional path tracing. In Proceedings of the Computer Graphics Conference. Vol. 93. 145--153."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2383847.2383878"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Muschaweck. 2011. What's in a ray set: Moving towards a unified ray set format. In Illumination Optics II SPIE.  J. Muschaweck. 2011. What's in a ray set: Moving towards a unified ray set format. 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ARB texture compression BPTC. http:\/\/www.opengl.org\/registry\/specs\/ARB\/texture&lowbar;compression&lowbar;bptc.txt."}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2714571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2714571","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T14:56:14Z","timestamp":1750258574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2714571"}},"subtitle":["Illumination and Appearance Rendering"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2714571"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2714571","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}