{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:07:51Z","timestamp":1761581271916,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]],"date-time":"2015-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), especially the Bundle Protocol (BP), transmit data in self-contained bundles each of which carrying all necessary information to process it and route it to its destination. While this allows for long delays, link disruptions and higher loss rates and makes the BP well-suited for networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), it imposes a significant overhead in terms of the header sizes, as e. g. node addresses are denoted as full URIs, called Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs). While the Compressed Bundle Header Encoding introduces a special naming scheme to eradicate these URIs which reduces the header size to some extent, in this paper we present a novel, full-fledged header compression for the BP that can be applied stateless or stateful, i. e. without or with storing part of the bundle headers on forwarding nodes. The gains achievable with this approach are extensively evaluated with the simulation of bundles carefully generated from real-world network traffic on the one hand, and of realistically moving public transport vehicles with a traffic pattern often found in such Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks (DTWSNs) on the other hand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2721896.2721898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,16]],"date-time":"2015-01-16T14:29:58Z","timestamp":1421418598000},"page":"2-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bundle Protocol Header Compression"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Wegner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolf-Bastian","family":"P\u00f6ttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"October","author":"Brown D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"D. Brown , S. Farrell , and S. Burleigh . DTN Bundle Age Block for Expiration without UTC , October 2010 . D. Brown, S. Farrell, and S. Burleigh. DTN Bundle Age Block for Expiration without UTC, October 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"May","author":"Burleigh S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Burleigh . RFC 6260: Compressed Bundle Header Encoding (CBHE) , May 2011 . S. Burleigh. RFC 6260: Compressed Bundle Header Encoding (CBHE), May 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2004.1269130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2010.5446949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"November","author":"Demmer M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Demmer and J. Ott . Delay Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence Layer Protocol , November 2008 . M. Demmer and J. Ott. Delay Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence Layer Protocol, November 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"March","author":"Ellard D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"D. Ellard and D. Brown . DTN IP Neighbor Discovery (IPND) , March 2010 . D. Ellard and D. Brown. DTN IP Neighbor Discovery (IPND), March 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"October","author":"Gass R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"R. Gass , J. Scott , and C. Diot . CRAWDAD trace set cambridge\/inmotion\/tcp , October 2005 . R. Gass, J. Scott, and C. Diot. CRAWDAD trace set cambridge\/inmotion\/tcp, October 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"November","author":"Henderson T.","year":"2004","unstructured":"T. Henderson , D. Kotz , I. Abyzov , and J. Yeo . CRAWDAD trace dartmouth\/campus\/tcpdump\/fall01 , November 2004 . T. Henderson, D. Kotz, I. Abyzov, and J. Yeo. CRAWDAD trace dartmouth\/campus\/tcpdump\/fall01, November 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JRPROC.1952.273898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"September","author":"Hui J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"J. Hui and P. Thubert . RFC 6282: Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4- Based Networks , September 2011 . J. Hui and P. Thubert. RFC 6282: Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4- Based Networks, September 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/605432.605408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"141","volume-title":"SEEHOC: Scalable and Robust End-to-End Header Compression Techniques for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. In GlobeCom Workshops 2004","author":"Kaddoura M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"M. Kaddoura and S. Schneider . SEEHOC: Scalable and Robust End-to-End Header Compression Techniques for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. In GlobeCom Workshops 2004 . IEEE, pages 141 -- 146 , December 2004 . M. Kaddoura and S. Schneider. SEEHOC: Scalable and Robust End-to-End Header Compression Techniques for Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks. In GlobeCom Workshops 2004. IEEE, pages 141--146, December 2004."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"D. Kotz and T. Henderson. Community Resource for Archiving Wireless Data At Dartmouth.  D. Kotz and T. Henderson. Community Resource for Archiving Wireless Data At Dartmouth."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Assumptions, Problem Statement","author":"Kushalnagar N.","year":"2007","unstructured":"N. Kushalnagar , G. Montenegro , and C. Schumacher . RFC 4919: IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview , Assumptions, Problem Statement , and Goals , August 2007 . N. Kushalnagar, G. Montenegro, and C. Schumacher. RFC 4919: IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement, and Goals, August 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"September","author":"Montenegro G.","year":"2007","unstructured":"G. Montenegro , N. Kushalnagar , J. Hui , and D. Culler . RFC 4944: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks , September 2007 . G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, J. Hui, and D. Culler. RFC 4944: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks, September 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1860079.1860092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"August","author":"Phillips C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"C. Phillips and S. Singh . CRAWDAD trace set pdx\/vwave\/wlan pcap , August 2007 . C. Phillips and S. Singh. CRAWDAD trace set pdx\/vwave\/wlan pcap, August 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Optimized DTN-Routing for Urban Public Transport Systems. In 17th GI\/ITG Conference on Communication in Distributed Systems (KiVS 2011","volume":"17","author":"P\u00f6gel T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"T. P\u00f6gel . Optimized DTN-Routing for Urban Public Transport Systems. In 17th GI\/ITG Conference on Communication in Distributed Systems (KiVS 2011 ), volume 17 of OpenAccess Series in Informatics (OASIcs), pages 227--232, Dagstuhl, Germany , 2011 . T. P\u00f6gel. Optimized DTN-Routing for Urban Public Transport Systems. In 17th GI\/ITG Conference on Communication in Distributed Systems (KiVS 2011), volume 17 of OpenAccess Series in Informatics (OASIcs), pages 227--232, Dagstuhl, Germany, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.2010.5735779"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ibr-dtn: A lightweight, modular and highly portable bundle protocol implementation","volume":"37","author":"Schildt S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"S. Schildt , J. Morgenroth , W.-B. P\u00f6ttner , and L. Wolf . Ibr-dtn: A lightweight, modular and highly portable bundle protocol implementation . Electronic Communications of the EASST , 37 : 1 -- 11 , Jan 2011 . S. Schildt, J. Morgenroth, W.-B. P\u00f6ttner, and L. Wolf. Ibr-dtn: A lightweight, modular and highly portable bundle protocol implementation. Electronic Communications of the EASST, 37:1--11, Jan 2011.","journal-title":"Electronic Communications of the EASST"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"November","author":"Scott K.","year":"2007","unstructured":"K. Scott and S. Burleigh . RFC 5050: Bundle Protocol Specification , November 2007 . K. Scott and S. Burleigh. RFC 5050: Bundle Protocol Specification, November 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"3542","volume-title":"ICC '06. IEEE International Conference on","volume":"8","author":"Westphal C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"C. Westphal . Layered IP Header Compression for IP-enabled Sensor Networks . In Communications , 2006 . ICC '06. IEEE International Conference on , volume 8 , pages 3542 -- 3547 , 2006. C. Westphal. Layered IP Header Compression for IP-enabled Sensor Networks. In Communications, 2006. ICC '06. IEEE International Conference on, volume 8, pages 3542--3547, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"EEFF: A Cross-Layer Designed Energy Efficient Fast Forwarding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. WCNC 2009. IEEE","author":"Zhang T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"T. Zhang , L. Chen , D. Chen , and L. Xie . EEFF: A Cross-Layer Designed Energy Efficient Fast Forwarding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. WCNC 2009. IEEE , pages 1 -- 6 , April 2009 . T. Zhang, L. Chen, D. Chen, and L. Xie. EEFF: A Cross-Layer Designed Energy Efficient Fast Forwarding Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2009. WCNC 2009. IEEE, pages 1--6, April 2009."}],"container-title":["ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2721896.2721898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2721896.2721898","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:13:27Z","timestamp":1750227207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2721896.2721898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2721896.2721898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2721896.2721898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-1662"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1931-1222"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-01-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}