{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:04:18Z","timestamp":1771635858595,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":34,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]],"date-time":"2015-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2724660.2724665","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,9]],"date-time":"2015-03-09T19:27:55Z","timestamp":1425929275000},"page":"95-102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["A Playful Game Changer"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Mogalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Joseph Jay","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2658537.2658692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1937.0109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.3.272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Learning about social learning in MOOCs: From statistical analysis to generative model","volume":"99","author":"Brinton C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brinton , C. , Chiang , M. , Jain , S. , Lam , H. , Liu , Z. , and Wong , F . Learning about social learning in MOOCs: From statistical analysis to generative model . IEEE Trans. on Learning Technologies PP , 99 ( 2014 ), 1 -- 14 . Brinton, C., Chiang, M., Jain, S., Lam, H., Liu, Z., and Wong, F. Learning about social learning in MOOCs: From statistical analysis to generative model. IEEE Trans. on Learning Technologies PP, 99 (2014), 1--14.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. on Learning Technologies PP"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"604","volume":"36","author":"Cramer E.M.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cramer , E.M. and Bock , R.D . Multivariate Analysis. Review of Educational Research 36 , ( 1966 ), 604 -- 617 . Cramer, E.M. and Bock, R.D. Multivariate Analysis. Review of Educational Research 36, (1966), 604--617.","journal-title":"Multivariate Analysis. Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","first-page":"613","article-title":"Testing for departures from normality","volume":"60","author":"D'Agostino R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"D'Agostino , R. and Pearson , E.S . Testing for departures from normality . Biometrika 60 , ( 1973 ), 613 -- 622 . D'Agostino, R. and Pearson, E.S. Testing for departures from normality. Biometrika 60, (1973), 613--622.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/ET.36.1.g"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08993408.2013.780449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40814-4_29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","unstructured":"Holm , S . A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure . Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6 , 2 ( 1979 ), 65--70. Holm, S. A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6, 2 (1979), 65--70.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012691360-6\/50008-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"MOOC Completion Rates: The Data","author":"Jordan K.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jordan , K. MOOC Completion Rates: The Data . MOOC Completion Rates: The Data , 2013 . http:\/\/www.katyjordan. com\/MOOCproject.html. Jordan, K. MOOC Completion Rates: The Data. MOOC Completion Rates: The Data, 2013. http:\/\/www.katyjordan. com\/MOOCproject.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Pfeiffer","author":"Kapp K.M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kapp , K.M. The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-based Methods and Strategies for Training and Education . Pfeiffer , 2012 . Kapp, K.M. The Gamification of Learning and Instruction: Game-based Methods and Strategies for Training and Education. Pfeiffer, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications","author":"Khalil H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khalil , H. and Ebner , M . MOOCs Completion Rates and Possible Methods to Improve Retention-A Literature Review . World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2014 , 1236--1244. Khalil, H. and Ebner, M. MOOCs Completion Rates and Possible Methods to Improve Retention-A Literature Review. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2014, 1236--1244."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","volume-title":"Proc. HComp'12","author":"Kilian N.","unstructured":"Kilian , N. , Krause , M. , Runge , N. , and Smeddinck , J . Predicting Crowd-based Translation Quality with Language-independent Feature Vectors . Proc. HComp'12 , 114--115. Kilian, N., Krause, M., Runge, N., and Smeddinck, J. Predicting Crowd-based Translation Quality with Language-independent Feature Vectors. Proc. HComp'12, 114--115."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"Motivation as a Lens for Understanding Online Learners : Introducing and Applying the Online Learner Enrollment Intentions (OLEI ) Scale. in press 0, 0","author":"Kizilcec R.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kizilcec , R. and Al , E . Motivation as a Lens for Understanding Online Learners : Introducing and Applying the Online Learner Enrollment Intentions (OLEI ) Scale. in press 0, 0 ( 2014 ). Kizilcec, R. and Al, E. Motivation as a Lens for Understanding Online Learners : Introducing and Applying the Online Learner Enrollment Intentions (OLEI ) Scale. in press 0, 0 (2014)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Proc. LAK '13","author":"Kizilcec R.F.","unstructured":"Kizilcec , R.F. , Piech , C. , and Schneider , E . Deconstructing disengagement . Proc. LAK '13 , 170. Kizilcec, R.F., Piech, C., and Schneider, E. Deconstructing disengagement. Proc. LAK '13, 170."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Koutropoulos A. Gallagher M.S. Abajian S.C. etal Emotive Vocabulary in MOOCs: Context & Participant Retention. European Journal of Open Distance and ELearning (2012) 1--22.  Koutropoulos A. Gallagher M.S. Abajian S.C. et al. Emotive Vocabulary in MOOCs: Context & Participant Retention. European Journal of Open Distance and ELearning (2012) 1--22."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468386"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556325.2567881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Hamburg","author":"Krause M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krause , M. Homo Ludens in the Loop: Playful Human Computation Systems. tredition GmbH , Hamburg , Hamburg, Germany , 2014 . Krause, M. Homo Ludens in the Loop: Playful Human Computation Systems. tredition GmbH, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2072652.2072655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39241-2_61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-178-0.ch007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation","author":"Meyers L.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meyers , L. , Gamst , G. , and Guarino , A . Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation . Sage Publishers , Thousand Oaks, CA, USA , 2006 . Meyers, L., Gamst, G., and Guarino, A. Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage Publishers, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oblinger D. The next generation of educational engagement. Journal of interactive media in education 8 (2004) 1--18.  Oblinger D. The next generation of educational engagement. Journal of interactive media in education 8 (2004) 1--18.","DOI":"10.5334\/2004-8-oblinger"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"The Classroom Social Environment and Changes in Adolescents?","volume":"38","author":"Ryan A.M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ryan , A.M. and Patrick , H . The Classroom Social Environment and Changes in Adolescents? Motivation and Engagement During Middle School. American Educational Research Journal 38 , 2 ( 2001 ), 437--460. Ryan, A.M. and Patrick, H. The Classroom Social Environment and Changes in Adolescents? Motivation and Engagement During Middle School. American Educational Research Journal 38, 2 (2001), 437--460.","journal-title":"Motivation and Engagement During Middle School. American Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Proc. EDULEARN14","author":"Staubitz T.","unstructured":"Staubitz , T. and Renz , J . Supporting Social Interaction and Collaboration on an xMOOC Platform . Proc. EDULEARN14 , 6667--6677. Staubitz, T. and Renz, J. Supporting Social Interaction and Collaboration on an xMOOC Platform. Proc. EDULEARN14, 6667--6677."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proc. ICLS '04","author":"Steinkuehler C.A.","unstructured":"Steinkuehler , C.A. Learning in Massively Multiplayer Online Games . Proc. ICLS '04 , 521--528. Steinkuehler, C.A. Learning in Massively Multiplayer Online Games. Proc. ICLS '04, 521--528."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Education and Training","author":"Stone B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stone , B. , Factors , H. , Defence , I. , and Centre , T . Serious gaming . Education and Training , ( 2001 ), 142--144. Stone, B., Factors, H., Defence, I., and Centre, T. Serious gaming. Education and Training, (2001), 142--144."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556325.2566240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2073550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.81.3.329"}],"event":{"name":"L@S 2015: Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","location":"Vancouver BC Canada","acronym":"L@S 2015","sponsor":["ACM Ed Board ACM Ed Board"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2724660.2724665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2724660.2724665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:16:43Z","timestamp":1750227403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2724660.2724665"}},"subtitle":["Fostering Student Retention in Online Education with Social Gamification"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2724660.2724665","10.1145\/2724660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2724660.2724665","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-03-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}