{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:21:33Z","timestamp":1765887693884,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":50,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1213157, 1111672, 1237265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1213157, 1111672, 1237265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2742647.2742675","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,11]],"date-time":"2015-05-11T16:31:04Z","timestamp":1431361864000},"page":"375-387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Beyond the Radio"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Narseo","family":"Vallina-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICSI, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Sundaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICSI, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kreibich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICSI &amp; Lastline, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICSI &amp; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vern","family":"Paxson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICSI &amp; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"APN Settings Virgin Mobile AU. https:\/\/community.virginmobile.com.au\/t5\/Phones-knowledge-base\/What-are-the-generic-APN-settings-for-Internet-MMS-and-tethering\/ta-p\/76.  APN Settings Virgin Mobile AU. https:\/\/community.virginmobile.com.au\/t5\/Phones-knowledge-base\/What-are-the-generic-APN-settings-for-Internet-MMS-and-tethering\/ta-p\/76."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"ITU Operational Bulletin. http:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-t\/opb\/sp\/T-SP-OB.1056-2014-OAS-PDF-E.pdf.  ITU Operational Bulletin. http:\/\/www.itu.int\/dms_pub\/itu-t\/opb\/sp\/T-SP-OB.1056-2014-OAS-PDF-E.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"Jasper Wireless. http:\/\/www.jasper.com\/operators.  Jasper Wireless. http:\/\/www.jasper.com\/operators."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"MVNO Directory. http:\/\/www.mvnodirectory.com\/overview.html.  MVNO Directory. http:\/\/www.mvnodirectory.com\/overview.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"MVNODynamics. http:\/\/www.mvnodynamics.com.  MVNODynamics. http:\/\/www.mvnodynamics.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"Netalyzr for Android. Amazon App Store. http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/International-Computer-Science-Institute-Netalyzr\/dp\/B00IM1TXMA.  Netalyzr for Android. Amazon App Store. http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/International-Computer-Science-Institute-Netalyzr\/dp\/B00IM1TXMA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Netalyzr for Android. Google Play. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=edu.berkeley.icsi.netalyzr.android.  Netalyzr for Android. Google Play. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=edu.berkeley.icsi.netalyzr.android."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Orbot: Proxy with Tor. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=org.torproject.android.  Orbot: Proxy with Tor. https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=org.torproject.android."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Verizon coverage locator. http:\/\/www.verizonwireless.com\/b2c\/coveragelocator\/mapInformation.jsp.  Verizon coverage locator. http:\/\/www.verizonwireless.com\/b2c\/coveragelocator\/mapInformation.jsp."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"WDSPCo. http:\/\/www.wdspco.org.  WDSPCo. http:\/\/www.wdspco.org."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Xda-Developers. http:\/\/www.xda-developers.com\/.  Xda-Developers. http:\/\/www.xda-developers.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/business\/21569414-xavier-niel-playing-rough-internet-giant-france-v-google","author":"Google France","year":"2013","unstructured":"France v Google . http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/business\/21569414-xavier-niel-playing-rough-internet-giant-france-v-google , 2013 . France v Google. http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/business\/21569414-xavier-niel-playing-rough-internet-giant-france-v-google, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"3GPP. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface. http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/DynaReport\/29060.htm.  3GPP. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) across the Gn and Gp interface. http:\/\/www.3gpp.org\/DynaReport\/29060.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1023720.1023737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","author":"Cricelli L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"L. Cricelli , M. Grimaldi , and N. L. Ghiron . The Competition Among Mobile Network Operators in the Telecommunication Supply Chain. International Journal of Production Economics , 2011 . L. Cricelli, M. Grimaldi, and N. L. Ghiron. The Competition Among Mobile Network Operators in the Telecommunication Supply Chain. International Journal of Production Economics, 2011.","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/301453.301557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"IETF","author":"Fielding R.","year":"1999","unstructured":"R. Fielding , J. Gettys , J. Mogul , H. Frystyk , L. Masinter , P. Leach , and T. Berners-Lee . Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP\/1.1. RFC 2616 , IETF , June 1999 . R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, and T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP\/1.1. RFC 2616, IETF, June 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535372.2535414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"February","author":"Giobbi R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"R. Giobbi . CERT Vulnerability Note VU 435052: Intercepting proxy servers may incorrectly rely on HTTP headers to make connections , February 2009 . R. Giobbi. CERT Vulnerability Note VU 435052: Intercepting proxy servers may incorrectly rely on HTTP headers to make connections, February 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"International Chamber of Commerce. Telecoms Liberalization. 2004.  International Chamber of Commerce. Telecoms Liberalization. 2004."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"International Computer Science Institute. Netalyzr dataset. PREDICT. https:\/\/www.predict.org\/Default.aspx?tabid=104.  International Computer Science Institute. Netalyzr dataset. PREDICT. https:\/\/www.predict.org\/Default.aspx?tabid=104."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"25","author":"Jain R.S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"R.S. Jain . Spectrum auctions in India: lessons from experience. Telecommunications Policy , 25 , 2001 . R.S. Jain. Spectrum auctions in India: lessons from experience. Telecommunications Policy, 25, 2001.","journal-title":"Telecommunications Policy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"17th European regional ITS conference","author":"Kiiski A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"A. Kiiski . Impacts of MVNOs on mobile data service market . In 17th European regional ITS conference , 2006 . A. Kiiski. Impacts of MVNOs on mobile data service market. In 17th European regional ITS conference, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1879141.1879173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2565585.2565599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"R. McMillan. Verizon and AT&T are the only wireless carriers using Perma-cookies. http:\/\/http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/11\/permacookie-free\/.  R. McMillan. Verizon and AT&T are the only wireless carriers using Perma-cookies. http:\/\/http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/11\/permacookie-free\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"R. McMillan. Verizon?s perma-cookie is a privacy-killing machine. http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/10\/verizons-perma-cookie\/.  R. McMillan. Verizon?s perma-cookie is a privacy-killing machine. http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/10\/verizons-perma-cookie\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2390231.2390245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIN.2010.5640939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"http:\/\/www2.piranpartners.com\/component\/joomdoc\/doc_download\/24-piran-partners-mvno-observatory-spring-2014.html","author":"Partners Piran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piran Partners . MVNO Observatory . http:\/\/www2.piranpartners.com\/component\/joomdoc\/doc_download\/24-piran-partners-mvno-observatory-spring-2014.html , 2014 . Piran Partners. MVNO Observatory. http:\/\/www2.piranpartners.com\/component\/joomdoc\/doc_download\/24-piran-partners-mvno-observatory-spring-2014.html, 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Performance of PEPs in Cellular Wireless Networks","author":"Rodriguez P.","year":"2003","unstructured":"P. Rodriguez and V. Friedman . Performance of PEPs in Cellular Wireless Networks , 2003 . P. Rodriguez and V. Friedman. Performance of PEPs in Cellular Wireless Networks, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-008-9105-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2005.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2398776.2398808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2504730.2504764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2557968.2557970"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"March","author":"Vallina-Rodriguez Narseo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez , Srikanth Sundaresan , Christian Kreibich , Nicholas Weaver , and Vern Paxson . CRAWDAD data set icsi\/netalyzr-android (v. 2015-03-24). Downloaded from http:\/\/crawdad.org\/icsi\/netalyzr-android\/ , March 2015 . Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Srikanth Sundaresan, Christian Kreibich, Nicholas Weaver, and Vern Paxson. CRAWDAD data set icsi\/netalyzr-android (v. 2015-03-24). Downloaded from http:\/\/crawdad.org\/icsi\/netalyzr-android\/, March 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","unstructured":"Verizon. Verizon Selects Participation Agreement. http:\/\/www.verizonwireless.com\/support\/terms\/products\/verizon-selects.html?MID=810452&RID=178021460&CMP=EMC-C-S-RWDS-Announcement1-T1-JulyAug2014-RD&EMHID=E007D0ABF359C5E4BC3832F3C2B204B6&CUHID=E1583E4C8FA54F0CB9FA01EC656DBD5F.  Verizon. Verizon Selects Participation Agreement. http:\/\/www.verizonwireless.com\/support\/terms\/products\/verizon-selects.html?MID=810452&RID=178021460&CMP=EMC-C-S-RWDS-Announcement1-T1-JulyAug2014-RD&EMHID=E007D0ABF359C5E4BC3832F3C2B204B6&CUHID=E1583E4C8FA54F0CB9FA01EC656DBD5F."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2184489.2184508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2187836.2187842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2043164.2018479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04918-2_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Proc. SATIN","author":"Weaver N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"N. Weaver , C. Kreibich , B. Nechaev , and V. Paxson . Implications of Netalyzr?s DNS Measurements . In Proc. SATIN , 2011 . N. Weaver, C. Kreibich, B. Nechaev, and V. Paxson. Implications of Netalyzr?s DNS Measurements . In Proc. SATIN, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Redirecting DNS for Ads and Profit. In USENIX FOCI Workshop","author":"Weaver N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"N. Weaver , C. Kreibich , and V. Paxson . Redirecting DNS for Ads and Profit. In USENIX FOCI Workshop , 2011 . N. Weaver, C. Kreibich, and V. Paxson. Redirecting DNS for Ads and Profit. In USENIX FOCI Workshop, 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"WebPolicy.org. How Verizon?s Avertising Header Works. http:\/\/webpolicy.org\/2014\/10\/24\/how-verizons-advertising-header-works\/.  WebPolicy.org. How Verizon?s Avertising Header Works. http:\/\/webpolicy.org\/2014\/10\/24\/how-verizons-advertising-header-works\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993744.1993777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04918-2_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663716.2663752"}],"event":{"name":"MobiSys'15: The 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services","sponsor":["SIGMOBILE ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing","SIGOPS ACM Special Interest Group on Operating Systems"],"location":"Florence Italy","acronym":"MobiSys'15"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2742647.2742675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2742647.2742675","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T06:16:33Z","timestamp":1750227393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2742647.2742675"}},"subtitle":["Illuminating the Higher Layers of Mobile Networks"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2742647.2742675","10.1145\/2742647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2742647.2742675","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}