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It enables fast return of the list of all documents containing a given query term. However, for retrieval schemes involving query expansion, as in pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF), the retrieval time based on an inverted index increases linearly with the number of expansion terms. In this regard, we have examined the use of a\n            <jats:italic>forward index<\/jats:italic>\n            , which consists of the mapping of each document to its constituent terms. We propose a novel forward index-based reranking scheme to shorten the PRF retrieval time. In our method, a first retrieval of the original query is performed using an inverted index, and then a forward index is employed for the PRF part. We have studied several new forward indexes, including using a novel\n            <jats:italic>spstring<\/jats:italic>\n            data structure and the weighted variable bit-block compression (wvbc) signature. With modern hardware such as solid-state drives (SSDs) and sufficiently large main memory, forward index methods are particularly promising. We find that with the whole index stored in main memory, PRF retrieval using a spstring or wvbc forward index excels in time efficiency over an inverted index, being able to obtain the same levels of performance measures at shorter times.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2744199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T16:05:34Z","timestamp":1431705934000},"page":"1-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fast Forward Index Methods for Pseudo-Relevance Feedback Retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Edward Kai FUNG","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert Wing Pong","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA460118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24752-4_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/582415.582416"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM\u201908)","author":"Arguello Jaime","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Jaime Arguello , Jonathan L. 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