{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:38:49Z","timestamp":1774413529887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"human subjects protocol 2013-9842 through UC Irvine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Access. Comput."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes how collaborative assistive technologies, housed on off-the-shelf, low-cost platforms such as the iPad, can be used to facilitate social relationships in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Through an empirical study of the use of a collaborative iPad game, Zody, we explore how assistive technologies can be used to support social relationships, even without intervention from adults. We discuss how specific design choices can encourage three levels of social relationship: membership, partnership, and friendship. This work contributes to research on both assistive technologies and collaborative gaming through a framework that describes how specific in-game elements can foster social skill development for children with ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2751564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T15:13:25Z","timestamp":1433258005000},"page":"1-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Evaluating a Collaborative iPad Game's Impact on Social Relationships for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Louanne E.","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Ringland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine"}]},{"given":"Oliver L.","family":"Haimson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Habra City Schools, La Habra, CA"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bistarkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Habra City Schools, La Habra, CA"}]},{"given":"Gillian R.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Irvine"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) American Psychiatric Publishing Arlington VA.  American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) American Psychiatric Publishing Arlington VA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roger Bakeman and John. R. Brownlee. 1980. The strategic use of parallel play: A sequential analysis. Child Development 873--878.  Roger Bakeman and John. R. Brownlee. 1980. The strategic use of parallel play: A sequential analysis. Child Development 873--878.","DOI":"10.2307\/1129476"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon Baron-Cohen. 1988. Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective&quest; Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18 3 379--402.  Simon Baron-Cohen. 1988. Social and pragmatic deficits in autism: Cognitive or affective&quest; Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 18 3 379--402.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02212194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP.2007.4412808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576070220020801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/238386.238404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244013507289"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeroen C. J. Brok and Emilia I. Barakova. 2010. Engaging autistic children in imitation and turn-taking games with multiagent system of interactive lighting blocks. In Entertainment Computing\u2014ICEC 2010. Springer Berlin 115--126.   Jeroen C. J. Brok and Emilia I. Barakova. 2010. Engaging autistic children in imitation and turn-taking games with multiagent system of interactive lighting blocks. In Entertainment Computing\u2014ICEC 2010. Springer Berlin 115--126.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15399-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"Kathy Charmaz and Liska Belgrave. 2002. Qualitative interviewing and grounded theory analysis. In Jaber F. Gubrium James A. Holstein Amir B. Marvasti and Karyn D. McKinney (Eds.). The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft (2nd ed). SAGE Publications Inc. Thousand Oaks CA.  Kathy Charmaz and Liska Belgrave. 2002. Qualitative interviewing and grounded theory analysis. In Jaber F. Gubrium James A. Holstein Amir B. Marvasti and Karyn D. McKinney (Eds.). The SAGE Handbook of Interview Research: The Complexity of the Craft (2nd ed). SAGE Publications Inc. Thousand Oaks CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott A. Cunningham Benjamin Engelst\u00e4tter and Michael R. Ward. 2011. Understanding the effects of violent video games on violent crime. No. 11-042. ZEW Discussion Papers.  Scott A. Cunningham Benjamin Engelst\u00e4tter and Michael R. Ward. 2011. Understanding the effects of violent video games on violent crime. No. 11-042. ZEW Discussion Papers.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1886419"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Andrea Davis Lahela Isaacson and Michelle Harwell. 2014. Floortime Strategies to Promote Development in Children and Teens: A User's Guide to the DIR Model. Brookes Publishing Baltimore MD.  Andrea Davis Lahela Isaacson and Michelle Harwell. 2014. Floortime Strategies to Promote Development in Children and Teens: A User's Guide to the DIR Model. Brookes Publishing Baltimore MD."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.2.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010747303957"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502348.502389"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Anne M. Donnellan. 1983. An Educational Perspective of Autism: Implications for Curriculum Development and Personnel Development. ERIC Number: ED244459.  Anne M. Donnellan. 1983. An Educational Perspective of Autism: Implications for Curriculum Development and Personnel Development. ERIC Number: ED244459."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Jeff Dyck David Pinelle Barry Brown and Carl Gutwin. 2003. Learning from Games: HCI Design Innovations in Entertainment Software. In Graphics Interface. 237--246.  Jeff Dyck David Pinelle Barry Brown and Carl Gutwin. 2003. Learning from Games: HCI Design Innovations in Entertainment Software. In Graphics Interface. 237--246."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0932-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-009-0199-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peter F. Gerhardt and Erik Mayville. 2010. Assessment of social skills and social competence in learners with autism spectrum disorders. In Practitioner's Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Social Skills. Springer New York NY 193--205.  Peter F. Gerhardt and Erik Mayville. 2010. Assessment of social skills and social competence in learners with autism spectrum disorders. In Practitioner's Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Social Skills. Springer New York NY 193--205.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0609-0_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016330802348"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1957656.1957702"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Stanley I. Greenspan and Nancy Lewis. 2000. Building Healthy Minds: The Six Experiences That Create Intelligence and Emotional Growth in Babies and Young Children. Da Capo Press Boston MA.  Stanley I. Greenspan and Nancy Lewis. 2000. Building Healthy Minds: The Six Experiences That Create Intelligence and Emotional Growth in Babies and Young Children. Da Capo Press Boston MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Steven E. Gutstein and Rachelle K. Sheely. 2002. Relationship Development Intervention with Young Children: Social and Emotional Development Activities for Asperger Syndrome Autism PDD and NDL (Vol. 2). Jessica Kingsley Publishers Philadelphia PA.  Steven E. Gutstein and Rachelle K. Sheely. 2002. Relationship Development Intervention with Young Children: Social and Emotional Development Activities for Asperger Syndrome Autism PDD and NDL (Vol. 2). Jessica Kingsley Publishers Philadelphia PA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Harris Polls. 2013. Majority of Americans See Connection between Video Games and Violence in Teens. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.harrisinteractive.com\/NewsRoom\/HarrisPolls\/tabid\/447\/ctl\/ReadCustom&percnt;20Default\/mid\/1508\/ArticleId\/1160\/Default.aspx.  Harris Polls. 2013. Majority of Americans See Connection between Video Games and Violence in Teens. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.harrisinteractive.com\/NewsRoom\/HarrisPolls\/tabid\/447\/ctl\/ReadCustom&percnt;20Default\/mid\/1508\/ArticleId\/1160\/Default.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2485760.2485808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0383-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2466438"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 7th Annual Meeting of the Association of the Anthropological Study of Play, Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 1633--1642","author":"Hughes Linda","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Richard R. Hurtig. 2008. Augmentative and alternative communication in acute and critical care settings. Plural Publishing San Diego CA.  Richard R. Hurtig. 2008. Augmentative and alternative communication in acute and critical care settings. Plural Publishing San Diego CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.2005.00232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Connie Kasari Brandt Chamberlain and Nirit Bauminger. 2001. Social emotions and social relationships: can children with autism compensate&quest; In Jacob A. Burack (Ed.). The Development of Autism: Perspectives from Theory and Research. Erlbaum Mahway NJ.  Connie Kasari Brandt Chamberlain and Nirit Bauminger. 2001. Social emotions and social relationships: can children with autism compensate&quest; In Jacob A. Burack (Ed.). The Development of Autism: Perspectives from Theory and Research. Erlbaum Mahway NJ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Alan E. Kazdin. 2011. Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings. Oxford University Press New York NY.  Alan E. Kazdin. 2011. Single-case research designs: Methods for clinical and applied settings. Oxford University Press New York NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2200\/S00533ED1V01Y201309ARH004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01495055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(02)00051-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005558101038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-004-2550-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361306064403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0123-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","unstructured":"Rebecca W. Lieb. 2011. A developmental model predicting adjustment in youth with autism spectrum disorders: The role of executive functions social impairment and friendship quality. Dissertations. Paper 92.  Rebecca W. Lieb. 2011. A developmental model predicting adjustment in youth with autism spectrum disorders: The role of executive functions social impairment and friendship quality. Dissertations. Paper 92."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of screen-based media use among youths with autism spectrum disorders","author":"Mazurek Micah O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1--11."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1497302.1497303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/902038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124952"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180875.1180898"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000029547.96610.df"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0590-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","unstructured":"Sally Ozonoff. 2002 Presentation at the TEACCH Conference Atlanta GA.  Sally Ozonoff. 2002 Presentation at the TEACCH Conference Atlanta GA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400000845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1180875.1180877"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-011-0384-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0842-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2559206.2581249"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.34.040507.134743"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404500001019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2141943.2141945"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","volume-title":"DIGRA Conference.","author":"Seay A. Fleming"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"Andrea Tartaro and Justine Cassell. 2011. Authorable virtual peers: Technology as an intervention for difficulties with peer social interaction in autism spectrum and related disorders. Ph.D. Dissertation Carnegie Mellon University PA.   Andrea Tartaro and Justine Cassell. 2011. Authorable virtual peers: Technology as an intervention for difficulties with peer social interaction in autism spectrum and related disorders. Ph.D. Dissertation Carnegie Mellon University PA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2779(1998)4:2<65::AID-MRDD2>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","unstructured":"Josh Wainer. 2012. Facilitating collaboration among children with autism through robot-assisted play. Ph.D. dissertation University of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire UK.  Josh Wainer. 2012. Facilitating collaboration among children with autism through robot-assisted play. Ph.D. dissertation University of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-012-9244-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0320-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1958824.1958854"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2751564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2751564","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:43:07Z","timestamp":1750225387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2751564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2751564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2751564","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-7228","1936-7236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-7228","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-7236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-03-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}