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In this paper, we derive a novel framework to maximize energy efficiency by \"homogeneous matrix factorization\" that respects the physical constraints of many coding mechanisms (DMDs\/LCDs, lasers,\n            <jats:italic>etc.<\/jats:italic>\n            ). We demonstrate energy-efficient imaging using two prototypes based on DMD and laser illumination. For our DMD-based prototype, we use fast local optimization to derive codes that yield brighter images with fewer artifacts in many transport probing tasks. Our second prototype uses a novel combination of a low-power laser projector and a rolling shutter camera. We use this prototype to demonstrate never-seen-before capabilities such as (1) capturing live structured-light video of very bright scenes---even a light bulb that has been turned on; (2) capturing epipolar-only and indirect-only live video with optimal energy efficiency; (3) using a low-power projector to reconstruct 3D objects in challenging conditions such as strong indirect light, strong ambient light, and smoke; and (4) recording live video from a projector's---rather than the camera's---point of view.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2766897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T12:26:38Z","timestamp":1438086398000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Homogeneous codes for energy-efficient illumination and imaging"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supreeth","family":"Achar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa G.","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carnegie Mellon University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiriakos N.","family":"Kutulakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Bach F. 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Haeffele, B., Young, E., and Vidal, R. 2014. Structured Low-Rank Matrix Factorization: Optimality, Algorithm, and Applications to Image Processing. In Proc. ICML, 2007--015."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Harwit M. and Sloane N. J. A. 1979. Hadamard Transform Optics. In Hadamard Transform Optics. Academic Press.  Harwit M. and Sloane N. J. A. 1979. Hadamard Transform Optics. In Hadamard Transform Optics. Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126254"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1882261.1866166"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.7.001089"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Beyond perspective dual photography with illumination masks","volume":"24","author":"Koppal S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koppal , S. , and Narasimhan , S. 2015 . Beyond perspective dual photography with illumination masks . IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 24 , 7 (July), 2083--2097. Koppal, S., and Narasimhan, S. 2015. Beyond perspective dual photography with illumination masks. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 24, 7 (July), 2083--2097.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1882261.1866164"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE ICCP, 147--156","author":"Matsuda N.","unstructured":"Matsuda , N. , Cossairt , O. , and Gupta , M . 2015. MC3D: Motion Contrast 3D Scanning . In Proc. IEEE ICCP, 147--156 . Matsuda, N., Cossairt, O., and Gupta, M. 2015. MC3D: Motion Contrast 3D Scanning. In Proc. IEEE ICCP, 147--156."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE PROCAMS, 15--22","author":"Mertz C.","unstructured":"Mertz , C. , Koppal , S. J. , Sia , S. , and Narasimhan , S. G . 2012. A low-power structured light sensor for outdoor scene reconstruction and dominant material identification . In Proc. 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IEEE ICCP, 1--9."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2313118"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Confocal imaging device using spatially modulated illumination with electronic rolling shutter detection, Aug. 7","volume":"8","author":"Muller M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muller , M. , 2012 . Confocal imaging device using spatially modulated illumination with electronic rolling shutter detection, Aug. 7 . US Patent 8 , 237 ,835. Muller, M., 2012. Confocal imaging device using spatially modulated illumination with electronic rolling shutter detection, Aug. 7. US Patent 8,237,835.","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","volume-title":"Proc. CVPR, 436--443","author":"Nayar S. K.","unstructured":"Nayar , S. K. , Branzoi , V. , and Boult , T . 2004. Programmable imaging using a digital micromirror array . In Proc. CVPR, 436--443 . Nayar, S. K., Branzoi, V., and Boult, T. 2004. 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