{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:56:00Z","timestamp":1792806960311,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the 2-manifold surface of a 3d object, we propose a novel method for the computation of an offset surface with varying thickness such that the solid volume between the surface and its offset satisfies a set of prescribed constraints and at the same time minimizes a given objective functional. Since the constraints as well as the objective functional can easily be adjusted to specific application requirements, our method provides a flexible and powerful tool for shape optimization. We use manifold harmonics to derive a reduced-order formulation of the optimization problem, which guarantees a smooth offset surface and speeds up the computation independently from the input mesh resolution without affecting the quality of the result. The constrained optimization problem can be solved in a numerically robust manner with commodity solvers. Furthermore, the method allows simultaneously optimizing an inner and an outer offset in order to increase the degrees of freedom. We demonstrate our method in a number of examples where we control the physical mass properties of rigid objects for the purpose of 3d printing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2766955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T08:26:38Z","timestamp":1438071998000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Reduced-order shape optimization using offset surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Musialski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Auzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Birsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna University of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Kobbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RWTH Aachen University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185543"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601157"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778800"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185614"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015772"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2014.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461953"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","unstructured":"Goldstein H. Poole C. P. and Safko J. L. 2002. Classical Mechanics. Addison Wesley.  Goldstein H. Poole C. P. and Safko J. L. 2002. Classical Mechanics. Addison Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haftka R. T. and G\u00fcrdal Z. 1992. Elements of Structural Optimization 3rd rev. a ed. Springer.  Haftka R. T. and G\u00fcrdal Z. 1992. Elements of Structural Optimization 3rd rev. a ed. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-2550-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964973"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Jacobson A. Panozzo D. and Others 2014. {libigl}: A simple {C++} geometry processing library.  Jacobson A. Panozzo D. and Others 2014. {libigl}: A simple {C++} geometry processing library."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618469"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/280814.280831"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehoucq R. B. Sorensen D. C. and Yang C. 1998. ARPACK Users' Guide band 6 of ed. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) Jan.  Lehoucq R. B. Sorensen D. C. and Yang C. 1998. ARPACK Users' Guide band 6 of ed. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) Jan.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898719628"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMI.2006.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601168"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366148"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/355873.355885"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/74334.74355"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10586458.1993.10504266"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461957"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1276377.1276478"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03178.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218473"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601143"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4485(80)90093-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1964985"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185582"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508392"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508382"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2010.01655.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461967"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366146"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2766955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2766955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:43:01Z","timestamp":1750210981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2766955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2766955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2766955","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}