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The volume determined from such sparse inputs using previous methods appears blurry and unnatural with novel views; however, our method preserves the appearance of novel viewing angles by transferring the appearance information from input images to novel viewing angles. For appearance information, we use histograms of image intensities and steerable coefficients. We formulate the volume modeling as an energy minimization problem with statistical hard constraints, which is solved using an expectation maximization (EM)-like iterative algorithm. Our algorithm begins with a rough estimate of the initial volume modeled from the input images, followed by an iterative process whereby we first render the images of the current volume with novel viewing angles. Then, we modify the rendered images by transferring the appearance information from the input images, and we thereafter model the improved volume based on the modified images. We iterate these operations until the volume converges. We demonstrate our method successfully provides natural-looking volume sequences of fluids (i.e., fire, smoke, explosions, and a water splash) from sparse multi-view videos. To create production-ready fluid animations, we further propose a method of rendering and editing fluids using a commercially available fluid simulator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2766958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T12:26:38Z","timestamp":1438086398000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Fluid volume modeling from sparse multi-view images by appearance transfer"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Okabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Electro-Communications and JST, CREST"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Dobashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hokkaido University and JST, CREST"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Anjyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OLM Digital, Inc. and JST, CREST"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikio","family":"Onai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Electro-Communications"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409060.1409085"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015729"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1281500.1281681"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Debevec P. 2001. 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