{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:16:20Z","timestamp":1774685780961,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]],"date-time":"2015-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-1451198,IIS-1453018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-1451198,IIS-1453018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006785","name":"Google","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002969","name":"Technologick\u00e1 Agentura Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TE01020415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TE01020415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002969","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007655","name":"Ceske Vysoke Uceni Technicke v Praze","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGS13\/214\/OHK3\/3T\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGS13\/214\/OHK3\/3T\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007655","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P202\/12\/2413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P202\/12\/2413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The creation of a painting, in the physical world or digitally, is a process that occurs over time. Later strokes cover earlier strokes, and strokes painted at a similar time are likely to be part of the same object. In the final painting, this temporal history is lost, and a static arrangement of color is all that remains. The rich literature for interacting with image editing history cannot be used. To enable these interactions, we present a set of techniques to decompose a time lapse video of a painting (defined generally to include pencils, markers, etc.) into a sequence of translucent \"stroke\" images. We present translucency-maximizing solutions for recovering physical (Kubelka and Munk layering) or digital (Porter and Duff \"over\" blending operation) paint parameters from before\/after image pairs. We also present a pipeline for processing real-world videos of paintings capable of handling long-term occlusions, such as the painter's hand and its shadow, color shifts, and noise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2766960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T12:26:38Z","timestamp":1438086398000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Decomposing time-lapse paintings into layers"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jianchao","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Dvoro\u017e\u0148\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTU in Prague, FEE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"S\u00fdkora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTU in Prague, FEE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yotam","family":"Gingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium, 41--48","author":"Amati C.","unstructured":"Amati , C. , and Brostow , G. J . 2010. Modeling 2.5D plants from ink paintings . In Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium, 41--48 . Amati, C., and Brostow, G. J. 2010. Modeling 2.5D plants from ink paintings. In Proceedings of Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium, 41--48."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Kubelka-Munk theory in describing optical properties of paper (i)","volume":"18","author":"Barbari\u0107 -Miko\u010devi\u0107 V. D.-M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barbari\u0107 -Miko\u010devi\u0107 , V. D.-M. \u017d., and Itri\u0107 , K. 2011 . Kubelka-Munk theory in describing optical properties of paper (i) . Technical Gazette 18 , 1, 117 -- 124 . Barbari\u0107 -Miko\u010devi\u0107, V. D.-M. \u017d., and Itri\u0107, K. 2011. Kubelka-Munk theory in describing optical properties of paper (i). Technical Gazette 18, 1, 117--124.","journal-title":"Technical Gazette"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987665"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2019627.2019639"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518789"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Pigmented Colorants: Dependency on Media and Time. Master's thesis, Cornell Univrsity","author":"Budsberg J. B.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Budsberg , J. B. 2007 . Pigmented Colorants: Dependency on Media and Time. Master's thesis, Cornell Univrsity , Ithaca, New York, USA. Budsberg, J. B. 2007. Pigmented Colorants: Dependency on Media and Time. Master's thesis, Cornell Univrsity, Ithaca, New York, USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2010324.1965000"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. TR-2012-07","author":"Chen T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen , T. , Wei , L.-Y. , Hartmann , B. , and Agrawala , M . 2012 . Data-driven history list for image editing. Tech. Rep. TR-2012-07 , The University of Hong Kong . Chen, T., Wei, L.-Y., Hartmann, B., and Agrawala, M. 2012. Data-driven history list for image editing. Tech. Rep. TR-2012-07, The University of Hong Kong."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of SPIE","volume":"5308","author":"Cheung S.-c. S.","unstructured":"Cheung , S.-c. S. , and Kamath , C . 2004. Robust techniques for background subtraction in urban traffic video . In Proceedings of SPIE , vol. 5308 , 881--892. Cheung, S.-c. S., and Kamath, C. 2004. Robust techniques for background subtraction in urban traffic video. In Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5308, 881--892."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/258734.258896"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Nov. Accessed: January 10th","author":"Dannen C.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dannen , C. , 2012 . The magical tech behind Paper for iPad's color-mixing perfection , Nov. Accessed: January 10th , 2015. Dannen, C., 2012. The magical tech behind Paper for iPad's color-mixing perfection, Nov. Accessed: January 10th, 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461942"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.16.002136"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024167"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of American Control Conference, 4305--4312","author":"Godbehere A.","unstructured":"Godbehere , A. , Matsukawa , A. , and Goldberg , K . 2012. Visual tracking of human visitors under variable-lighting conditions for a responsive audio art installation . In Proceedings of American Control Conference, 4305--4312 . Godbehere, A., Matsukawa, A., and Goldberg, K. 2012. Visual tracking of human visitors under variable-lighting conditions for a responsive audio art installation. In Proceedings of American Control Conference, 4305--4312."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531372"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1866029.1866054"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/146443.146452"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508371"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.3.2.627-665"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661256"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1572614.1572625"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"An article on optics of paint layers","volume":"12","author":"Kubelka P.","year":"1931","unstructured":"Kubelka , P. , and Munk , F. 1931 . An article on optics of paint layers . Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Technische Physik 12 , 593 -- 601 . Kubelka, P., and Munk, F. 1931. An article on optics of paint layers. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Technische Physik 12, 593--601.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Technische Physik"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.38.000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.44.000330"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2630397.2630401"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision. 615--630","author":"Matzen K.","unstructured":"Matzen , K. , and Snavely , N . 2014. Scene chronology . In Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision. 615--630 . Matzen, K., and Snavely, N. 2014. Scene chronology. In Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision. 615--630."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531390"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2556990"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.116.1.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964965.808606"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12408"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995374"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/237170.237263"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 215--221","author":"Su S. L.","unstructured":"Su , S. L. , Paris , S. , and Durand , F . 2009. QuickSelect: History-based selection expansion . In Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 215--221 . Su, S. L., Paris, S., and Durand, F. 2009. QuickSelect: History-based selection expansion. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface, 215--221."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","volume":"1","author":"Szeliski R.","unstructured":"Szeliski , R. , Avidan , S. , and Anandan , P . 2000. Layer extraction from multiple images containing reflections and transparency . In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition , vol. 1 , 246--253. Szeliski, R., Avidan, S., and Anandan, P. 2000. Layer extraction from multiple images containing reflections and transparency. In Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, 246--253."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"GNU Parallel: The command-line power tool. ;login","volume":"36","author":"Tange O.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tange , O. 2011 . GNU Parallel: The command-line power tool. ;login : The USENIX Magazine 36 , 1 (Feb), 42--47. Tange, O. 2011. GNU Parallel: The command-line power tool. ;login: The USENIX Magazine 36, 1 (Feb), 42--47.","journal-title":"The USENIX Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03199581"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 839--846","author":"Tomasi C.","unstructured":"Tomasi , C. , and Manduchi , R . 1998. Bilateral filtering for gray and color images . In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 839--846 . Tomasi, C., and Manduchi, R. 1998. Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, 839--846."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","unstructured":"Tversky B. 1999. What does drawing reveal about thinking? Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Design 93--101.  Tversky B. 1999. What does drawing reveal about thinking? Visual and Spatial Reasoning in Design 93--101."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","volume-title":"Drawing and cognition: Descriptive and experimental studies of graphic production processes","author":"van Sommers P.","unstructured":"van Sommers , P. 1984. Drawing and cognition: Descriptive and experimental studies of graphic production processes . Cambridge University Press . van Sommers, P. 1984. Drawing and cognition: Descriptive and experimental studies of graphic production processes. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","unstructured":"VisTrails I. 2009. Vistrails provenance explorer for maya. http:\/\/www.vistrails.com\/maya.html.  VisTrails I. 2009. Vistrails provenance explorer for maya. http:\/\/www.vistrails.com\/maya.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661247"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1138450.1138454"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024208"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311558"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2766960","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2766960","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:43:01Z","timestamp":1750225381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2766960"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2766960"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2766960","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}