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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aftermath of a natural disaster is characterized by lack of a reliable medium for dissemination of information to survivors. The state-of-the-art emergency response systems rely on satellite radio-enabled devices, but survivors, unlike first responders, do not have access to such devices. To mitigate this problem, we present perpetuu, a solar-powered portable GIS microserver. The microserver node can be deployed in a disaster scene and can serve maps to survivors viewable on browsers of off-the-shelf mobile systems. The perpetuu nodes can form a wireless mesh to cover a large geographic region. A key innovation in the design of the perpetuu node is a tiered software and hardware architecture\u2014the system combines a low-power micro-controller with a high-power micro-processor to provide a large spectrum of power states. perpetuu stays in its lowest power state most of the time, and it can in-vitro detect survivors using Wi-Fi sensing, and consequently wake up the higher-power tier to disseminate high-resolution maps on standard web browsers that provide directions to safe locations. The tiered design leverages hardware-assisted energy measurements and a wakeup controller to balance energy harvested from solar panels with energy consumed by the system. We evaluate perpetuu using measurements from our prototype and trace-based simulations, and show that it can function near-perpetually while serving maps to a large number of survivors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2767128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,10]],"date-time":"2015-12-10T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1449757330000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perpetuu"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Matthews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas, Fayetteville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Bobovych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilanjan","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Parkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Arkansas, Fayetteville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Robucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chintan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","DOI":"10.5555\/1558977.1559002"},{"volume-title":"An energy-efficient Architecture for DTN Throwboxes","author":"Banerjee Nilanjan","unstructured":"Nilanjan Banerjee, Mark D. 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