{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T18:00:00Z","timestamp":1770487200923,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Emerg. Technol. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are emerging cryptographic primitives used to implement low-cost device authentication and secure secret key generation.\n            <jats:italic>Weak PUF<\/jats:italic>\n            s (i.e., devices able to generate a single signature or to deal with a limited number of challenges) are widely discussed in literature. One of the most investigated solutions today is based on SRAMs. However, the rapid development of low-power, high-density, high-performance SoCs has pushed the embedded memories to their limits and opened the field to the development of emerging memory technologies. The Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) has emerged as a promising choice for embedded memories due to its reduced read\/write latency and high CMOS integration capability. In this article, we propose an innovative PUF design based on STT-MRAM memory. We exploit the high variability affecting the electrical resistance of the Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) device in anti-parallel magnetization. We will demonstrate that the proposed solution is robust, unclonable, and unpredictable.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2790302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T12:59:12Z","timestamp":1462539552000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["STT-MRAM-Based PUF Architecture Exploiting Magnetic Tunnel Junction Fabrication-Induced Variability"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Elena Ioana","family":"Vatajelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino TO - Italy"}]},{"given":"Giorgio Di","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRMM Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex - France"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Barbareschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 di Napoli \u201cFederico II\u201d, Napoli - Italy"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRMM Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex - France"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Indaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino TO - Italy"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Prinetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino TO - Italy"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2463585.2463589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2012.2200469"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD).","author":"Che W.","unstructured":"W. Che , J. Plusquellic , and S. Bhunia . 2014. A Non-volatile memory based physically unclonable function without helper data . In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD). W. Che, J. Plusquellic, and S. Bhunia. 2014. A Non-volatile memory based physically unclonable function without helper data. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST). 134--141","author":"Chen Q.","unstructured":"Q. Chen , G. Csaba , P. Lugli , U. Schlichtmann , and U. Ruhrmair . 2011. The bistable ring PUF: A new architecture for strong physical unclonable functions . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST). 134--141 . Q. Chen, G. Csaba, P. Lugli, U. Schlichtmann, and U. Ruhrmair. 2011. The bistable ring PUF: A new architecture for strong physical unclonable functions. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust (HOST). 134--141."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/060651380"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2003.810048"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Technical Digest of the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). 459--462","author":"Hosomi M.","unstructured":"M. Hosomi , H. Yamagishi , T. Yamamoto , K. Bessho , Y. Higo , K. Yamane , H. Yamada , M. Shoji , H. Hachino , C. Fukumoto , H. Nagao , and H. Kano . 2005. A novel nonvolatile memory with spin torque transfer magnetization switching: Spin-ram . In Proceedings of the IEEE Technical Digest of the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). 459--462 . M. Hosomi, H. Yamagishi, T. Yamamoto, K. Bessho, Y. Higo, K. Yamane, H. Yamada, M. Shoji, H. Hachino, C. Fukumoto, H. Nagao, and H. Kano. 2005. A novel nonvolatile memory with spin torque transfer magnetization switching: Spin-ram. In Proceedings of the IEEE Technical Digest of the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). 459--462."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2015.2397951"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2485288.2485390"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2169--22172","author":"Le Z.","unstructured":"Z. Le , F. Xuanyao , C. Chip-Hong , K. Zhi Hui , and K. Roy . 2014. Highly reliable memory-based physical unclonable function using spin-transfer torque MRAM . In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2169--22172 . Z. Le, F. Xuanyao, C. Chip-Hong, K. Zhi Hui, and K. Roy. 2014. Highly reliable memory-based physical unclonable function using spin-transfer torque MRAM. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2169--22172."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCD.2012.6378632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"D. Naccache and P. Fr\u00e9manteau. 1992. Unforgeable identification device identification device reader and method of identification. Patent US5434917. (Aug. 1992)  D. Naccache and P. Fr\u00e9manteau. 1992. Unforgeable identification device identification device reader and method of identification. Patent US5434917. (Aug. 1992)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Maes and I. Verbauwhede. 2010. Physically unclonable functions: A study on the state of the art and future research directions. Towards Hardware-Intrinsic Security. Springer 3--37.  R. Maes and I. Verbauwhede. 2010. Physically unclonable functions: A study on the state of the art and future research directions. Towards Hardware-Intrinsic Security. 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Physically unclonable function based on resistivity of magnetoresistive random-access memory magnetic tunnel junctions. Google Patents. US 2015\/0071432 A1. (March 2015)."}],"container-title":["ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2790302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2790302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:07:06Z","timestamp":1750223226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2790302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2790302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2790302","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-4832","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-4840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}