{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:14:41Z","timestamp":1750306481913,"version":"3.41.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":46,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]],"date-time":"2015-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2815782.2815822","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T14:32:43Z","timestamp":1450449163000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Developing a Conceptual Model for Facilitating the Issuing of Digital Badges in a Resource Constrained Environment"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Salerno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash South Africa, 144 Peter Road, Roodepoort, 1724, +27 11 950 4030"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Ouma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash South Africa, 144 Peter Road, Roodepoort, 1724, +27 11 950 4036"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Botha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR Meraka, Scientia 627-Jr, Meiring Naude Rd, Pretoria, 0081, +27 11 950 4030"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Technology Report015, in The Global Information Technology Report","author":"World Economic Forum","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Economic Forum , The Global Information Technology Report 2 015, in The Global Information Technology Report , S. Dutta, T. Geiger, and B. Lanvin, Editors. 2015 , World Economic Forum . World Economic Forum, The Global Information Technology Report 2015, in The Global Information Technology Report, S. Dutta, T. Geiger, and B. Lanvin, Editors. 2015, World Economic Forum."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Mobility in Education: Can Mobile Devices Support Teaching and Learning in South Africa? overcoMing & innovation","author":"O'Hagan T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"O'Hagan , T. , Mobility in Education: Can Mobile Devices Support Teaching and Learning in South Africa? overcoMing & innovation , 2013 : p. 55. O'Hagan, T., Mobility in Education: Can Mobile Devices Support Teaching and Learning in South Africa? overcoMing & innovation, 2013: p. 55."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Education Statistics in South Africa","author":"Department of Basic Education","year":"2012","unstructured":"Department of Basic Education , Education Statistics in South Africa 2012 . 2014, Department of Basic Education , South Africa . Department of Basic Education, Education Statistics in South Africa 2012. 2014, Department of Basic Education, South Africa."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"1","volume":"201","author":"Czerniewicz L.","unstructured":"Czerniewicz , L. and Brown , C. , The Habitus and Technological Practices of Rural Students: A Case Study . South African Journal of Education , 201 4. 34(1): p. 1 -- 14 . Czerniewicz, L. and Brown, C., The Habitus and Technological Practices of Rural Students: A Case Study. South African Journal of Education, 2014. 34(1): p. 1--14.","journal-title":"Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"1","volume":"200","author":"Gardiner M.","unstructured":"Gardiner , M. , Education in Rural Areas. Issues in Education Policy , 200 8. 4: p. 1 -- 33 . Gardiner, M., Education in Rural Areas. Issues in Education Policy, 2008. 4: p. 1--33.","journal-title":"Education Policy"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Journal of Research in Rural Education","author":"Mukeredzi T.G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mukeredzi , T.G. , Professional Development through Teacher Roles : Conceptions of Professionally Unqualified Teachers in Rural South Africa and Zimbabwe . Journal of Research in Rural Education , 2013 . 28(11). Mukeredzi, T.G., Professional Development through Teacher Roles: Conceptions of Professionally Unqualified Teachers in Rural South Africa and Zimbabwe. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 2013. 28(11)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2012.6462501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for Teacher Training and Professional Development in Ict","author":"Hindle D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hindle , D. , Guidelines for Teacher Training and Professional Development in Ict . 2007 , Department of Education . Hindle, D., Guidelines for Teacher Training and Professional Development in Ict. 2007, Department of Education."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botha A. Herselman M. and Ford M. Gamification Beyond Badges in IST Africa. 2014: Mauritius.  Botha A. Herselman M. and Ford M. Gamification Beyond Badges in IST Africa. 2014: Mauritius.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISTAFRICA.2014.6880651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Badges In. The Chronicle of Higher Education","author":"Young J.R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Young , J.R. , Grades out , Badges In. The Chronicle of Higher Education , 2012 . Young, J.R., Grades out, Badges In. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015","author":"Mozilla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mozilla . Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015 June 10, 2015 }; Available from: http:\/\/openbadges.org\/. Mozilla. Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015 June 10, 2015}; Available from: http:\/\/openbadges.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Mozilla. About Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015 February 12}; Available from: http:\/\/openbadges.org\/about\/.  Mozilla. About Mozilla Open Badges. 2015 {cited 2015 February 12}; Available from: http:\/\/openbadges.org\/about\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Closed Badging Systems. 2014 {cited 2015","author":"Bull B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bull , B. Open Vs . Closed Badging Systems. 2014 {cited 2015 June 10, 2015 }; Available from: http:\/\/etale.org\/main\/2014\/08\/16\/open-vs-closed-badging-systems\/. Bull, B. Open Vs. Closed Badging Systems. 2014 {cited 2015 June 10, 2015}; Available from: http:\/\/etale.org\/main\/2014\/08\/16\/open-vs-closed-badging-systems\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Mozilla Wiki. Badges\/Infrastructure-Tech-Docs. 2012 {cited 2015 March 25}; Available from: https:\/\/wiki.mozilla.org\/Badges\/infrastructure-tech-docs.  Mozilla Wiki. Badges\/Infrastructure-Tech-Docs. 2012 {cited 2015 March 25}; Available from: https:\/\/wiki.mozilla.org\/Badges\/infrastructure-tech-docs."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Conference on Advances In Computing, Communication and Information Technology.","author":"Botha A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Botha , A. , Salerno , C. , Niemand , M.D. , Ouma , S. , and Makitla , I . Disconnected Electronic Badges in Resource Constrained Environments: A Use Case from the Rural Nciba District in the Eastern Cape . in Conference on Advances In Computing, Communication and Information Technology. 2014 . London, United Kingdom. Botha, A., Salerno, C., Niemand, M.D., Ouma, S., and Makitla, I. Disconnected Electronic Badges in Resource Constrained Environments: A Use Case from the Rural Nciba District in the Eastern Cape. in Conference on Advances In Computing, Communication and Information Technology. 2014. London, United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","first-page":"590","volume":"198","author":"Dunn W.N.","unstructured":"Dunn , W.N. , Qualitative Methodology. Science Communication , 198 3. 4(4): p. 590 -- 597 . Dunn, W.N., Qualitative Methodology. Science Communication, 1983. 4(4): p. 590--597.","journal-title":"Qualitative Methodology. Science Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"The Research Methods Knowledge Base. 2006","author":"Trochim W.M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trochim , W.M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base. 2006 October 20, 2006 {cited 2015 June 8, 2015}; 2 nd Edition:{Available from: http:\/\/www.socialresearchmethods.net\/kb\/dedind.php. Trochim, W.M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base. 2006 October 20, 2006 {cited 2015 June 8, 2015}; 2nd Edition:{Available from: http:\/\/www.socialresearchmethods.net\/kb\/dedind.php.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"A Three Cycle View of Design Science Research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems","author":"Hevner A.R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hevner , A.R. , A Three Cycle View of Design Science Research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems , 2007 . 19(2): p. 4. Hevner, A.R., A Three Cycle View of Design Science Research. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 2007. 19(2): p. 4."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"63","volume":"201","author":"Harsh S.","unstructured":"Harsh , S. , Purposeful Sampling in Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal , 201 1. 11(2): p. 63 -- 75 . Harsh, S., Purposeful Sampling in Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 2011. 11(2): p. 63--75.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","first-page":"237","volume":"200","author":"Thomas D.R., A","unstructured":"Thomas , D.R., A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data. American Journal of Evaluation , 200 6. 27(2): p. 237 -- 246 . Thomas, D.R., A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data. American Journal of Evaluation, 2006. 27(2): p. 237--246.","journal-title":"Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-013-9291-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"CHI 2011","author":"Antin J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antin , J. and Churchill , E.F ., Badges in Social Media: A Social Psychological Perspective , in CHI 2011 . 2011 , UX Scientist : Vancouver, BC, Canada. Antin, J. and Churchill, E.F., Badges in Social Media: A Social Psychological Perspective, in CHI 2011. 2011, UX Scientist: Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10208-5_10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"88","volume":"201","author":"Randall D.L.","unstructured":"Randall , D.L. , Harrison , J.B. , and West , R.E. , Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Designing Open Badges for a Technology Integration Course. TechTrends , 201 3. 57(6): p. 88 -- 95 . Randall, D.L., Harrison, J.B., and West, R.E., Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Designing Open Badges for a Technology Integration Course. TechTrends, 2013. 57(6): p. 88--95.","journal-title":"Technology Integration Course. TechTrends"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"75","volume":"201","author":"Moore M.G.","unstructured":"Moore , M.G. , Independent Learning , Moocs, and the Open Badges Infrastructure . American Journal of Distance Education , 201 3. 27(2): p. 75 -- 76 . Moore, M.G., Independent Learning, Moocs, and the Open Badges Infrastructure. American Journal of Distance Education, 2013. 27(2): p. 75--76.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Mozilla Wiki. Badges\/Badgekit. 2014 {cited 2015 14 May 2015}; Available from: https:\/\/wiki.mozilla.org\/Badges\/badgekit.  Mozilla Wiki. Badges\/Badgekit. 2014 {cited 2015 14 May 2015}; Available from: https:\/\/wiki.mozilla.org\/Badges\/badgekit."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"The Potential and Value of Using Digital Badges for Adult Learners","author":"Finkelstein J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finkelstein , J. , Knight , E. , and Manning , S. , The Potential and Value of Using Digital Badges for Adult Learners . 2013 , American Institutes for Research : Washington . Finkelstein, J., Knight, E., and Manning, S., The Potential and Value of Using Digital Badges for Adult Learners. 2013, American Institutes for Research: Washington."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Understanding the Digital Divide","author":"OECD","year":"2001","unstructured":"OECD , Understanding the Digital Divide . 2001 , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . OECD, Understanding the Digital Divide. 2001, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","first-page":"52","volume":"201","author":"McCollum S.","unstructured":"McCollum , S. , Getting Past the `Digital Divide'. The Education Digest , 201 1. 77(2): p. 52 -- 55 . McCollum, S., Getting Past the `Digital Divide'. The Education Digest, 2011. 77(2): p. 52--55.","journal-title":"The Education Digest"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Teacher Professional Development in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges","author":"Jamil H.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jamil , H. , Razak , N.A. , Raju , R. , and Mohamed , A.R. , Teacher Professional Development in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges . 2007 . Jamil, H., Razak, N.A., Raju, R., and Mohamed, A.R., Teacher Professional Development in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"29","volume":"199","author":"Moore D.M.","unstructured":"Moore , D.M. , Burton , J.K. , and Dodl , N.R. , The Role of Facilitators in Virginia's Electronic Classroom Project. American Journal of Distance Education , 199 1. 5(3): p. 29 -- 39 . Moore, D.M., Burton, J.K., and Dodl, N.R., The Role of Facilitators in Virginia's Electronic Classroom Project. American Journal of Distance Education, 1991. 5(3): p. 29--39.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","first-page":"50","volume":"201","author":"Derbyshire J.A.","unstructured":"Derbyshire , J.A. , Machin , A.I. , and Crozier , S. , Facilitating Classroom Based Interprofessional Learning: A Grounded Theory Study of University Educators' Perceptions of Their Role Adequacy as Facilitators. Nurse Education Today , 201 5. 35(1): p. 50 -- 56 . Derbyshire, J.A., Machin, A.I., and Crozier, S., Facilitating Classroom Based Interprofessional Learning: A Grounded Theory Study of University Educators' Perceptions of Their Role Adequacy as Facilitators. Nurse Education Today, 2015. 35(1): p. 50--56.","journal-title":"Facilitators. Nurse Education Today"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","first-page":"705","volume":"200","author":"Jenlink P.M.","unstructured":"Jenlink , P.M. and Kinnucan-Welsch , K. , Case Stories of Facilitating Professional Development. Teaching and Teacher Education , 200 1. 17(6): p. 705 -- 724 . Jenlink, P.M. and Kinnucan-Welsch, K., Case Stories of Facilitating Professional Development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 2001. 17(6): p. 705--724.","journal-title":"Teacher Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"46","volume":"201","author":"du Plessis A.","unstructured":"du Plessis , A. and Webb , P., A Teacher Proposed Heuristic for Ict Professional Teacher Development and Implementation in the South African Context. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET , 201 2. 11(4): p. 46 -- 55 . du Plessis, A. and Webb, P., A Teacher Proposed Heuristic for Ict Professional Teacher Development and Implementation in the South African Context. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 2012. 11(4): p. 46--55.","journal-title":"TOJET"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","volume-title":"Development of Nepad E-Schools Initiative","author":"Kinyanjui P.E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kinyanjui , P.E. , Development of Nepad E-Schools Initiative . 2007 , NEPAD. Kinyanjui, P.E., Development of Nepad E-Schools Initiative. 2007, NEPAD."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v29i3.1101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","first-page":"240","volume":"201","author":"Stoltenkamp J.","unstructured":"Stoltenkamp , J. , Kabaka , M. , and Braaf , N. , The Facilitation and Support of a Blended E-Learning Course for Science Educators in a Rural Setting, South Africa . Asian Journal of Education and e- Learning 201 3. 1(4): p. 240 -- 249 . Stoltenkamp, J., Kabaka, M., and Braaf, N., The Facilitation and Support of a Blended E-Learning Course for Science Educators in a Rural Setting, South Africa. Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning 2013. 1(4): p. 240--249.","journal-title":"Learning"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","first-page":"82","volume":"201","author":"Dale S.","unstructured":"Dale , S. , Gamification : Making Work Fun, or Making Fun of Work? Business Information Review , 201 4. 31(2): p. 82 -- 90 . Dale, S., Gamification: Making Work Fun, or Making Fun of Work? Business Information Review, 2014. 31(2): p. 82--90.","journal-title":"Business Information Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2538862.2538899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1620693.1620698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1925820.1925832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology -- Asiacrypt","author":"Delerabl\u00e9e C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delerabl\u00e9e , C. , Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertexts and Private Keys , in Advances in Cryptology -- Asiacrypt 2007 , K. Kurosawa, Editor . 2007, Springer Berlin Heidelberg . p. 200--215. Delerabl\u00e9e, C., Identity-Based Broadcast Encryption with Constant Size Ciphertexts and Private Keys, in Advances in Cryptology -- Asiacrypt 2007, K. Kurosawa, Editor. 2007, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 200--215."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/164632.164904"}],"event":{"name":"SAICSIT '15: The 2015 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists","acronym":"SAICSIT '15","location":"Stellenbosch South Africa"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Research Conference on South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2815782.2815822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2815782.2815822","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:48:22Z","timestamp":1750225702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2815782.2815822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2815782.2815822","10.1145\/2815782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2815782.2815822","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}