{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:09:16Z","timestamp":1784268556636,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee, Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUHK14200915 and CUHK417411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUHK14200915 and CUHK417411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Nanshan Innovative Institution Establishment Fund","award":["KC2013ZDZJ0007A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2013ZDZJ0007A"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61272293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61272293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In this paper, we propose a novel approach to simplify sketch drawings. The core problem is how to group sketchy strokes meaningfully, and this depends on how humans understand the sketches. The existing methods mainly rely on thresholding low-level geometric properties among the strokes, such as proximity, continuity and parallelism. However, it is not uncommon to have strokes with equal geometric properties but different semantics. The lack of semantic analysis will lead to the inability in differentiating the above semantically different scenarios. In this paper, we point out that, due to the gestalt phenomenon of\n            <jats:italic>closure<\/jats:italic>\n            , the grouping of strokes is actually highly influenced by the interpretation of regions. On the other hand, the interpretation of regions is also influenced by the interpretation of strokes since regions are formed and depicted by strokes. This is actually a chicken-or-the-egg dilemma and we solve it by an iterative cyclic refinement approach. Once the formed stroke groups are stabilized, we can simplify the sketchy strokes by replacing each stroke group with a smooth curve. We evaluate our method on a wide range of different sketch styles and semantically meaningful simplification results can be obtained in all test cases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T12:36:39Z","timestamp":1445949399000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Closure-aware sketch simplification"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Xueting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien-Tsin","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong and The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pheng-Ann","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449740"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2383654.2383681"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1187112.1187227"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192426.192496"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12164"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"The 5th International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing, 90690X--90690X.","author":"Chien Y."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344792"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2009.4959812"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, ICIP 2009","author":"Dimiccoli M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024167"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","volume-title":"The 12th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (PG","author":"Grabli S.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling, SBIM '12","author":"Grimm C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1128888.1128909"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2512349.2512801"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508396"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2630099.2630103"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2070781.2024219"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03224.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2421636.2421640"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/325334.325240"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd Central European Conference on Computer Graphics, 227--237","author":"Preim B."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-007-0160-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1142017"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.8.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192426.192494"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2009.01400.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00410640"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/987657.987674"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.9"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2816795.2818067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2816795.2818067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:48:18Z","timestamp":1750225698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2816795.2818067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2816795.2818067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2816795.2818067","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-11-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}