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Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            A shape grammar defines a procedural\n            <jats:italic>shape space<\/jats:italic>\n            containing a variety of models of the same class, e.g. buildings, trees, furniture, airplanes, bikes, etc. We present a framework that enables a user to interactively design a probability density function (pdf) over such a shape space and to sample models according to the designed pdf. First, we propose a user interface that enables a user to quickly provide preference scores for selected shapes and suggest sampling strategies to decide which models to present to the user to evaluate. Second, we propose a novel kernel function to encode the similarity between two procedural models. Third, we propose a framework to interpolate user preference scores by combining multiple techniques: function factorization, Gaussian process regression, autorelevance detection, and\n            <jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n            regularization. Fourth, we modify the original grammars to generate models with a pdf proportional to the user preference scores. Finally, we provide evaluations of our user interface and framework parameters and a comparison to other exploratory modeling techniques using modeling tasks in five example shape spaces: furniture, low-rise buildings, skyscrapers, airplanes, and vegetation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,27]],"date-time":"2015-10-27T12:36:39Z","timestamp":1445949399000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Interactive design of probability density functions for shape grammars"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Minh","family":"Dang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lienhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Ceylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adobe Research"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Neubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KIT, EPFL"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KAUST"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPFL"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12310"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2461912.2461977"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2011.01886.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778841"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","volume-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symp. on Computer Animation, 103--112","author":"Brochu E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brochu , E. , Brochu , T. , and de Freitas , N. 2010 . A Bayesian Interactive Optimization Approach to Procedural Animation Design . ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symp. on Computer Animation, 103--112 . Brochu, E., Brochu, T., and de Freitas, N. 2010. A Bayesian Interactive Optimization Approach to Procedural Animation Design. ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symp. on Computer Animation, 103--112."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2501988.2502008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng B. Bouaziz S. Deuss M. Zhang J. Schwartzburg Y. and Pauly M. 2013. Exploring Local Modifications for Constrained Meshes. Comp. Graph. Forum (Eurographics) 32 2pt1 11--20.  Deng B. Bouaziz S. Deuss M. Zhang J. Schwartzburg Y. and Pauly M. 2013. Exploring Local Modifications for Constrained Meshes. Comp. Graph. Forum (Eurographics) 32 2pt1 11--20.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farhadi A. Endres I. Hoiem D. and Forsyth D. 2009. 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