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Cyber-Phys. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we propose a transit service Feeder to tackle the last-mile problem, that is, passengers\u2019 destinations lay beyond a walking distance from a public transit station. Feeder utilizes ridesharing-based vehicles (e.g., minibus) to deliver passengers from existing transit stations to selected stops closer to their destinations. We infer real-time passenger demand (e.g., exiting stations and times) for Feeder design by utilizing extreme-scale urban infrastructures, which consist of 10 million cellphones, 27 thousand vehicles, and 17 thousand smartcard readers for 16 million smartcards in a Chinese city, Shenzhen. Regarding these numerous devices as pervasive sensors, we mine both online and offline data for a two-end Feeder service: a back-end Feeder server to calculate service schedules and front-end customized Feeder devices in vehicles for real-time schedule downloading. We implement Feeder using a fleet of vehicles with customized hardware in a subway station of Shenzhen by collecting data for 30 days. The evaluation results show that compared to the ground truth, Feeder reduces last-mile distances by 68% and travel time by 56%, on average.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2823326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T10:19:26Z","timestamp":1486117166000},"page":"1-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Last-Mile Transit Service with Urban Infrastructure Data"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Desheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, China"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, China"}]},{"given":"Ruobing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Papanikolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","unstructured":"Sample data. 2015. 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