{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:59:11Z","timestamp":1776113951489,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":45,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSF","award":["IIS 1523091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS 1523091"]}]},{"name":"NSF","award":["DRL 1235958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRL 1235958"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2851581.2892329","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,6]],"date-time":"2016-05-06T15:56:09Z","timestamp":1462550169000},"page":"1661-1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Attending to Attention"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Sidney","family":"D'Mello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Kristopher","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Robert Earl","family":"Bixler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume":"201","author":"Smallwood J.","unstructured":"Smallwood, J. and J.W. Schooler, The science of mind wandering: empirically navigating the stream of consciousness. Annu. Rev. Psychol, 2015. 66: p. 487518.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","first-page":"932","volume-title":"Science","author":"Killingsworth M.A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Killingsworth, M.A. and D.T. Gilbert, A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 2010. 330(6006): p. 932--932."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1411","volume":"201","author":"Randall J.G.","unstructured":"Randall, J.G., F.L. Oswald, and M.E. Beier, Mindwandering, cognition, and performance: A theorydriven meta-analysis of attention regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 2014. 140(6): p. 1411--1431.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","first-page":"397","volume":"201","author":"Mehu M.","unstructured":"Mehu, M. and K. Scherer, A psycho-ethological approach to social signal processing. Cognitive Processing, 2012. 13(2): p. 397--414.","journal-title":"Cognitive Processing"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/265013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2010.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","first-page":"32","volume":"200","author":"Cowie R.","unstructured":"Cowie, R., E. Douglas-Cowie, N. Tsapatsoulis, G. Votsis, S. Kollias, W. Fellenz, and J. Taylor, Emotion recognition in human-computer interaction. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2001. 18(1): p. 32--80.","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Processing Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74889-2_43"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"A blueprint for a affective computing: A sourcebook and manual","author":"Marsella M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marsella, M., J. Gratch, and P. Petta., Computational Models of Emotion, in A blueprint for a affective computing: A sourcebook and manual, K.R. Scherer, T. B\u00e4nziger, and E. Roesch, Editors. 2010, Oxford University Press: Oxford. p. 21--46."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2013","author":"D'Mello S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"D'Mello, S., J. Cobian, and M. Hunter, Automatic GazeBased Detection of Mind Wandering during Reading, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2013), S.K. D'Mello, R.A. Calvo, and A. Olney, Editors. 2013, International Educational Data Mining Society. p. 364--365."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"Foundations of Augmented Cognition","author":"Marshall S.P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marshall, S.P., Assessing cognitive engagement and cognitive state from eye metrics, in Foundations of Augmented Cognition, D.D. Schmorrow, Editor. 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ. p. 312320."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","first-page":"131","volume":"200","author":"St. John M.","unstructured":"St. John, M., D.A. Kobus, J.G. Morrison, and D. Schmorrow, Overview of the DARPA augmented cognition technical integration experiment. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2004. 17(2): p. 131--149.","journal-title":"Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2010.2092770"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30950-2_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2556288.2557141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08786-3_16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31454-4_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2168556.2168574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.6.946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13437-1_53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"992","volume":"201","author":"Franklin M.S.","unstructured":"Franklin, M.S., J. Smallwood, and J.W. Schooler, Catching the mind in flight: Using behavioral indices to detect mindless reading in real time. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2011. 18(5): p. 992--997.","journal-title":"Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"13418","volume":"200","author":"Lutz A.","unstructured":"Lutz, A., H.A. Slagter, N.B. Rawlings, A.D. Francis, L.L. Greischar, and R.J. Davidson, Mental training enhances attentional stability: neural and behavioral evidence. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2009. 29(42): p. 13418--13427.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","first-page":"586","volume":"201","author":"Feng S.","unstructured":"Feng, S., S. D'Mello, and A. Graesser, Mindwandering while reading easy and difficult texts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2013. 20(1): p. 586--592.","journal-title":"Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","first-page":"230","volume":"200","author":"Smallwood J.","unstructured":"Smallwood, J., D.J. Fishman, and J.W. Schooler, Counting the cost of an absent mind: Mind wandering as an underrecognized influence on educational performance. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2007. 14(2): p. 230--236.","journal-title":"Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","unstructured":"Fulmer S. S. D'Mello A. Strain and A. Graesser Interest-based text preference moderates the effect of text difficulty on engagement and learning. Contemporary Educational Psychology in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"The costs and benefits of mind-wandering: A review. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology\/Revue canadienne de psychologie exp\u00e9rimentale","author":"Mooneyham B.W.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mooneyham, B.W. and J.W. Schooler, The costs and benefits of mind-wandering: A review. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology\/Revue canadienne de psychologie exp\u00e9rimentale, 2013. 67(1): p. 11."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"1117","volume":"201","author":"Baird B.","unstructured":"Baird, B., J. Smallwood, M.D. Mrazek, J.W. Kam, M.S. Franklin, and J.W. Schooler, Inspired by distraction mind wandering facilitates creative incubation. Psychological Science, 2012. 23(10): p. 1117--1122.","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"The Handbook of Attention","author":"Olney A.","unstructured":"Olney, A., E.F. Risko, S.K. D'Mello, and A.C. Graesser, Attention in Educational Contexts: The Role of the Learning Task in Guiding Attention, in The Handbook of Attention, J. Fawcett, E.F. Risko, and A. Kingstone, Editors. in press, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Saccade target selection and object recognition: Evidence for a common attentional mechanism. Vision research","author":"Deubel H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Deubel, H. and W.X. Schneider, Saccade target selection and object recognition: Evidence for a common attentional mechanism. Vision research, 1996. 36(12): p. 1827--1837."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","first-page":"787","volume":"199","author":"Hoffman J.E.","unstructured":"Hoffman, J.E. and B. Subramaniam, The role of visual attention in saccadic eye movements. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 1995. 57(6): p. 787--795.","journal-title":"Psychophysics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","first-page":"372","volume":"199","author":"Rayner K.","unstructured":"Rayner, K., Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 1998. 124(3): p. 372--422.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","first-page":"52","volume":"201","author":"Kopp K.","unstructured":"Kopp, K., S. D'Mello, and C. Mills, Influencing the occurrence of mind wandering while reading. Consciousness and Cognition, 2015. 34(1): p. 52--62.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Boys C.V. Soap bubbles their colours and the forces which mold them. 1895: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","first-page":"657","volume":"200","author":"Smallwood J.","unstructured":"Smallwood, J., J.B. Davies, D. Heim, F. Finnigan, M. Sudberry, R. O'Connor, and M. Obonsawin, Subjective experience and the attentional lapse: Task engagement and disengagement during sustained attention. Consciousness and Cognition, 2004. 13(4): p. 657--690.","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","first-page":"2289","volume":"201","author":"Franklin M.S.","unstructured":"Franklin, M.S., J.M. Broadway, M.D. Mrazek, J. Smallwood, and J.W. Schooler, Window to the Wandering Mind: Pupillometry of Spontaneous Thought While Reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2013. 66(12): p. 2289--2294.","journal-title":"Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610378686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2015","author":"Bixler R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bixler, R. and S.K. D'Mello, Automatic Gaze-Based Detection of Mind Wandering with Metacognitive Awareness, in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP 2015), F. Ricci, et al., Editors. 2015, Springer International Publishing: Switzerland. p. 31--43."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08786-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Theories of Mood and Cognition: A User's Guidebook","author":"Fielder K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fielder, K., Affective states trigger processes of assimilation and accommodation, in Theories of Mood and Cognition: A User's Guidebook, K. Martin and G. Clore, Editors. 2001, Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ. p. 85--98."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"A paradigm for cognition","author":"Kintsch W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kintsch, W., Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition. 1998, New York: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Kopp K.J. M.A. Britt K. Millis and A.C. Graesser Improving the efficiency of dialogue in tutoring. Learning and Instruction in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30950-2_32"}],"event":{"name":"CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"San Jose California USA","acronym":"CHI'16","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2851581.2892329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2851581.2892329","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2851581.2892329","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:30:44Z","timestamp":1763458244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2851581.2892329"}},"subtitle":["Detecting and Combating Mind Wandering during Computerized Reading"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2851581.2892329","10.1145\/2851581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2851581.2892329","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}