{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:21:33Z","timestamp":1792750893113,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":42,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)","award":["01IS12050 (project INGAME)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01IS12050 (project INGAME)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858463","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T14:08:22Z","timestamp":1462457302000},"page":"2026-2037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["\"Don't Whip Me With Your Games\""],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"Lessel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI GmbH, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Altmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI GmbH & Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI GmbH & Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI GmbH & Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DFKI GmbH & Saarland University, Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Adams Ernest","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ernest Adams . 2004 . The Designer's Notebook: The Perils of Bottom-Up Game Design. Internet. (18 October 2004) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.gamasutra.com\/view\/feature\/130563\/the_ designers_notebook_the_.php. Ernest Adams. 2004. The Designer's Notebook: The Perils of Bottom-Up Game Design. Internet. (18 October 2004). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.gamasutra.com\/view\/feature\/130563\/the_ designers_notebook_the_.php."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Allen Frederick E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frederick E. Allen . 2011 . Disneyland Uses 'Electronic Whip' on Employees. Internet. (21 October 2011) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/frederickallen\/2011\/10\/21\/disneyland-uses-electronic-whip-on-employees\/. Frederick E. Allen. 2011. Disneyland Uses 'Electronic Whip' on Employees. Internet. (21 October 2011). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/frederickallen\/2011\/10\/21\/disneyland-uses-electronic-whip-on-employees\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2488388.2488398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Determining What Individual SUS Scores Mean: Adding an Adjective Rating Scale","volume":"4","author":"Bangor Aaron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aaron Bangor , Philip Kortum , and James Miller . 2009 . Determining What Individual SUS Scores Mean: Adding an Adjective Rating Scale . Journal of Usability Studies 4 , 3 (May 2009), 114--123. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2835587.2835589 Aaron Bangor, Philip Kortum, and James Miller. 2009. Determining What Individual SUS Scores Mean: Adding an Adjective Rating Scale. Journal of Usability Studies 4, 3 (May 2009), 114--123. http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=2835587.2835589","journal-title":"Journal of Usability Studies"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985692.985785"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-937X.00253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Bogost Ian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ian Bogost . 2011 . Persuasive Games: Exploitationware. Internet. (3 May 2011) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.gamasutra.com\/view\/feature\/6366\/persuasive_games_exploitationware.php. Ian Bogost. 2011. Persuasive Games: Exploitationware. Internet. (3 May 2011). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.gamasutra.com\/view\/feature\/6366\/persuasive_games_exploitationware.php."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"SUS: A Quick and Dirty Usability Scale. In Usability Evaluation in Industry","author":"Brooke John","year":"1996","unstructured":"John Brooke . 1996 . SUS: A Quick and Dirty Usability Scale. In Usability Evaluation in Industry , P. W. Jordan, B. Weerdmeester, A. Thomas, and I. L. McClelland (Eds.). Taylor and Francis , London , 189--194. John Brooke. 1996. SUS: A Quick and Dirty Usability Scale. In Usability Evaluation in Industry, P. W. Jordan, B. Weerdmeester, A. Thomas, and I. L. McClelland (Eds.). Taylor and Francis, London, 189--194."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Sebastian Deterding. 2014. Eudaimonic Design or: Six Invitations to Rethink Gamification. In Rethinking Gamification Sonia Fizek Mathias Fuchs Paolo Ruffino and Niklas Schrape (Eds.). meson press 305--323. http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2466374  Sebastian Deterding. 2014. Eudaimonic Design or: Six Invitations to Rethink Gamification. In Rethinking Gamification Sonia Fizek Mathias Fuchs Paolo Ruffino and Niklas Schrape (Eds.). meson press 305--323. http:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=2466374"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2348283.2348400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Farago Peter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peter Farago . 2011 . Mobile Social Gamers: The New Mass-Market Powerhouse. Internet. (22 February 2011) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/flurrymobile.tumblr.com\/post\/113365197530\/mobile-social-gamers-the-new-mass-market. Peter Farago. 2011. Mobile Social Gamers: The New Mass-Market Powerhouse. Internet. (22 February 2011). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/flurrymobile.tumblr.com\/post\/113365197530\/mobile-social-gamers-the-new-mass-market."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2513002.2513024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Gray Peter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peter Gray . 2009 . Play Makes Us Human I: A Ludic Theory of Human Nature. Internet. (4 June 2009) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/blog\/freedom-learn\/200906\/play-makes-us-human-i-ludic-theory-human-nature. Peter Gray. 2009. Play Makes Us Human I: A Ludic Theory of Human Nature. Internet. (4 June 2009). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/blog\/freedom-learn\/200906\/play-makes-us-human-i-ludic-theory-human-nature."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_15_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"High Score! - Motivation Strategies for User Participation in Virtual Human Development","author":"Halan Shivashankar","unstructured":"Shivashankar Halan , Brent Rossen , Juan Cendan , and Benjamin Lok . 2010. High Score! - Motivation Strategies for User Participation in Virtual Human Development . In Intelligent Virtual Agents, Jan Allbeck, Norman Badler, Timothy Bickmore, Catherine Pelachaud, and Alla Safonova (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 6356 . Springer Berlin Heidelberg , 482--488. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642--15892--6_52 10.1007\/978--3--642--15892--6_52 Shivashankar Halan, Brent Rossen, Juan Cendan, and Benjamin Lok. 2010. High Score! - Motivation Strategies for User Participation in Virtual Human Development. In Intelligent Virtual Agents, Jan Allbeck, Norman Badler, Timothy Bickmore, Catherine Pelachaud, and Alla Safonova (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 6356. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 482--488. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--642--15892--6_52"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_16_1","unstructured":"Juho Hamari and Jonna Koivisto. 2013. Social Motivations to Use Gamification: An Empirical Study of Gamifying Exercise. In ECIS Completed Research. Paper 105. http:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2013_cr\/105  Juho Hamari and Jonna Koivisto. 2013. Social Motivations to Use Gamification: An Empirical Study of Gamifying Exercise. In ECIS Completed Research. Paper 105. http:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2013_cr\/105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2018556.2018565"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/jgcms.2011070103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2003.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Proc. ICIS 2012","author":"Kankanhalli Atreyi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Atreyi Kankanhalli , Mahdieh Taher , Huseyin Cavusoglu , and Seung Hyun Kim . 2012 . Gamification: A New Paradigm for Online User Engagement . In Proc. ICIS 2012 . http:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/icis2012\/proceedings\/ResearchInProgress\/7 Atreyi Kankanhalli, Mahdieh Taher, Huseyin Cavusoglu, and Seung Hyun Kim. 2012. Gamification: A New Paradigm for Online User Engagement. In Proc. ICIS 2012. http:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/icis2012\/proceedings\/ResearchInProgress\/7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2583008.2583034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_23_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Kitson Lawrence","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lawrence Kitson . 2011 . User-Led Does Not Equal User-Centered. Internet. (17 March 2011) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ user-led-does-not-equal-user-centered. Lawrence Kitson. 2011. User-Led Does Not Equal User-Centered. Internet. (17 March 2011). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from https:\/\/uxmag.com\/articles\/ user-led-does-not-equal-user-centered."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2305484.2305539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2674396.2674406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2702613.2732720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1753326.1753409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412014559978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Towards Understanding the Effects of Individual Gamification Elements on Intrinsic Motivation and Performance. Computers in Human Behavior","author":"Mekler Elisa D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elisa D. Mekler , Florian Br\u00fchlmann , Alexandre N. Tuch , and Klaus Opwis . 2015. Towards Understanding the Effects of Individual Gamification Elements on Intrinsic Motivation and Performance. Computers in Human Behavior ( 2015 ), 1--10. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.048 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.048 Elisa D. Mekler, Florian Br\u00fchlmann, Alexandre N. Tuch, and Klaus Opwis. 2015. Towards Understanding the Effects of Individual Gamification Elements on Intrinsic Motivation and Performance. Computers in Human Behavior (2015), 1--10. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_32_1","volume-title":"Mollick and Nancy Rothbard","author":"Ethan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ethan R. Mollick and Nancy Rothbard . 2013 . Mandatory Fun : Gamification and the Impact of Games at Work. The Wharton School Research Paper Series ( 2013). DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2277103 10.2139\/ssrn.2277103 Ethan R. Mollick and Nancy Rothbard. 2013. Mandatory Fun: Gamification and the Impact of Games at Work. The Wharton School Research Paper Series (2013). DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2277103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education, Cristina Conati, Neil Heffernan, Antonija Mitrovic, and M","author":"Monterrat Baptiste","unstructured":"Baptiste Monterrat , Michel Desmarais , \u00c9lise Lavou\u00e9 , and S\u00e9bastien George . 2015. A Player Model for Adaptive Gamification in Learning Environments . In Artificial Intelligence in Education, Cristina Conati, Neil Heffernan, Antonija Mitrovic, and M . Felisa Verdejo (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9112 . Springer International Publishing , 297--306. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--19773--9_30 10.1007\/978--3--319--19773--9_30 Baptiste Monterrat, Michel Desmarais, \u00c9lise Lavou\u00e9, and S\u00e9bastien George. 2015. A Player Model for Adaptive Gamification in Learning Environments. In Artificial Intelligence in Education, Cristina Conati, Neil Heffernan, Antonija Mitrovic, and M. Felisa Verdejo (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9112. Springer International Publishing, 297--306. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319--19773--9_30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_34_1","volume-title":"A User-Centered Theoretical Framework for Meaningful Gamification. Games+ Learning+ Society 8, 1","author":"Nicholson Scott","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scott Nicholson . 2012. A User-Centered Theoretical Framework for Meaningful Gamification. Games+ Learning+ Society 8, 1 ( 2012 ). Scott Nicholson. 2012. A User-Centered Theoretical Framework for Meaningful Gamification. Games+ Learning+ Society 8, 1 (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-014-9149-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2658537.2658683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.18.4.07j88hr1p4074605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39241-2_67"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_40_1","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","volume-title":"A Process Approach","author":"Werbach Kevin","unstructured":"Kevin Werbach . 2014. (Re) Defining Gamification : A Process Approach . In Persuasive Technology, Anna Spagnolli, Luca Chittaro, and Luciano Gamberini (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science , Vol. 8462 . Springer International Publishing , 266--272. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319-07127--5_23 10.1007\/978--3--319-07127--5_23 Kevin Werbach. 2014. (Re)Defining Gamification: A Process Approach. In Persuasive Technology, Anna Spagnolli, Luca Chittaro, and Luciano Gamberini (Eds.). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8462. Springer International Publishing, 266--272. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978--3--319-07127--5_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_41_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Wingfield Nick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nick Wingfield . 2012 . All the World's a Game, and Business Is a Player. Internet. (23 December 2012) . Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/12\/24\/technology\/all-the-worlds-a-game-and-business-is-a-player.html. Nick Wingfield. 2012. All the World's a Game, and Business Is a Player. Internet. (23 December 2012). Retrieved January 08, 2016 from http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/12\/24\/technology\/all-the-worlds-a-game-and-business-is-a-player.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-014-0783-2"}],"event":{"name":"CHI'16: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","location":"San Jose California USA","acronym":"CHI'16","sponsor":["SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2858036.2858463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2858036.2858463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:54:13Z","timestamp":1750222453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2858036.2858463"}},"subtitle":["Investigating \"Bottom-Up\" Gamification"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2858036.2858463","10.1145\/2858036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2858036.2858463","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}