{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:22:36Z","timestamp":1759134156858,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU project QUANTICOL","award":["600708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["600708"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatially distributed collective adaptive systems are an important class of systems that pose significant challenges to modeling due to the size and complexity of their state spaces. This problem is acute when the dynamic behavior of the system must be captured, such as to predict system performance. In this article, we present an abstraction technique that automatically derives a moment-closure approximation of the dynamic behavior of a spatially distributed collective adaptive system from a discrete representation of the entities involved. The moment-closure technique is demonstrated to give accurate estimates of dynamic behavior, although the number of ordinary differential equations generated for the second-order joint moments can grow large in some cases. For these cases, we propose a rigorous model reduction technique and demonstrate its use to substantially reduce the computational effort with only limited impact on the accuracy if the reduction threshold is set appropriately. All techniques reported in this article are implemented in a tool that is freely available for download.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2883608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,8]],"date-time":"2016-03-08T13:33:07Z","timestamp":1457443987000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automatic Moment-Closure Approximation of Spatially Distributed Collective Adaptive Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Hillston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}]},{"given":"Vashti","family":"Galpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2699712"},{"volume-title":"Communicating Sequential Processes","author":"Antony Charles","key":"e_1_2_2_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.194.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peva.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09680-3_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2007.11.012"},{"volume-title":"Computer Performance Engineering","author":"Cerotti Davide","key":"e_1_2_2_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2005.12.032"},{"volume-title":"PALOMA: A process algebra for located Markovian agents. In Quantitative Evaluation of Systems","year":"2014","author":"Feng Cheng","key":"e_1_2_2_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/j100540a008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24749-1_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36781-6_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-006-9080-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"Jane Hillston. 2005a. A Compositional Approach to Performance Modelling. CUP.   Jane Hillston. 2005a. A Compositional Approach to Performance Modelling. CUP."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/QEST.2005.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0716"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2000.2066"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3212147"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.154.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"The role of smart bike-sharing systems in urban mobility","volume":"2","author":"Midgley Peter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journeys"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.158701"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2619998"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/88\/58004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.96.178101"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2011\/05\/P05007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1776552"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2006.376994"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACC.2006.1657468"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2010.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1957.tb00263.x"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2883608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2883608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T19:04:12Z","timestamp":1750273452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2883608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2883608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2883608","relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-3301","1558-1195"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1049-3301"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1558-1195"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}