{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T07:43:18Z","timestamp":1773042198439,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":53,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,25]],"date-time":"2017-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0325428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0325428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005246","name":"Institute of Education Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R305A120707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R305A120707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2883851.2883939","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T09:54:08Z","timestamp":1461318848000},"page":"114-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Investigating boredom and engagement during writing using multiple sources of information"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Laura K.","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Jacovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Crossley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidney","family":"D'Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle S.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","volume-title":"Oakland, CA: University of California.","author":"Geiser S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Geiser, S. and Studley, R. 2001. UC and SAT: Predictive validity and differential impact of the SAT I and SAT II at the University of California. Oakland, CA: University of California."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58680\/ccc20097191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58680\/ccc198115885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"C. M. Levy & L","author":"Hayes J.","unstructured":"Hayes, J. 1996. A new framework for understanding cognition and affect in writing. In C. M. Levy & L. S. Ransdell (Eds.), The science of writing: Theories, methods, individual differences and applications. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 1--27."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"National Assessment of Educational Progress.","year":"2007","unstructured":"National Assessment of Educational Progress. 2007. The nation's report card: Writing 2007. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2010, nces.ed.gov\/nationsreportcard\/writing\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"The nation's report card: Writing","author":"National Assessment of Educational Progress. 2011.","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Assessment of Educational Progress. 2011. The nation's report card: Writing 2011. Retrieved Nov. 5, 2012, nces.ed.gov\/nationsreportcard\/writing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.99.3.445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"The neglected \"R.\" College Entrance Examination Board","author":"National Commission on Writing. 2003.","unstructured":"National Commission on Writing. 2003. The neglected \"R.\" College Entrance Examination Board, New York."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Handbook of writing research","author":"Allen L. K.","unstructured":"Allen, L. K., Jacovina, M. E., and McNamara, D. S. 2015. Computer-based writing instruction. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, and J. Fitzgerald (Eds.), Handbook of writing research (2nd ed.) (pp. 316--329). New York: Guilford Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"(Eds.)","author":"Shermis M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shermis, M., and Burstein, J. (Eds.). 2003. Automated essay scoring: A cross-disciplinary perspective. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","article-title":"An overview of automated scoring of essays","author":"Dikli S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dikli, S. 2006. An overview of automated scoring of essays. Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 5.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compcom.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2012.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265532210364643"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2012.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1362168806lr190oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","article-title":"Automated essay scoring with e-rater V. 2","author":"Attali Y.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Attali, Y., and Burstein, J. 2006. Automated essay scoring with e-rater V. 2. Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 4(3). Retrieved from www.jtla.org","journal-title":"Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 4(3). Retrieved from www.jtla.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) (pp. 269--278)","author":"Crossley S. A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Crossley, S. A., Varner, L. K., Roscoe, R. D., and McNamara, D. S. 2013. Using automated indices of cohesion to evaluate an intelligent tutoring system and an automated writing evaluation system. In: K. Yacef et al (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) (pp. 269--278). Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, 269--278."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Utility in a fallible tool: A multi-site case study of automated writing evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Grimes D.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grimes, D., and Warschauer, M. 2010. Utility in a fallible tool: A multi-site case study of automated writing evaluation. Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 8, 4--43.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"New York: Guilford Press.","author":"Shermis M. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shermis, M. D., Burstein, J., Elliot, N., Miel, S., and Foltz, P. W. 2015. Automated writing evaluation: An expanding body of knowledge. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald, Handbook of writing research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"P. F. Ericsson & R","author":"Haswell R. H.","unstructured":"Haswell, R. H. 2006. Automatons and automated scoring: Drudges, black boxes, and dei ex machina. In: P. F. Ericsson & R. H. Haswell (Eds.), Machine scoring of student essays: Truth and consequences (pp. 57--78). Logan, UT: Utah State University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5254.889104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"C. Bazerman, C. Dean, J. Early, K. Lunsford, S. Null, P. Rogers, & A","author":"Perelman L.","unstructured":"Perelman, L. 2012. Construct validity, length, score, and time in holistically graded writing assessments: The case against automated essay scoring (AES). In: C. Bazerman, C. Dean, J. Early, K. Lunsford, S. Null, P. Rogers, & A. Stansell (Eds.), International advances in writing research: Cultures, places, measures (pp. 121--131). Fort Collins, Colorado: WAC Clearinghouse\/Anderson, SC: Parlor Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"503","volume-title":"S. Tobias & J","author":"Shute V. J.","unstructured":"Shute, V. J. 2011. Stealth assessment in computer-based games to support learning. In S. Tobias & J. D. Fletcher (Eds.), Computer games and instruction (pp. 503--524). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishers."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shute V. J. and Kim Y. J. 2013. Formative and stealth assessment. In J. M. Spector M. D. Merrill J. Elen and M. J. Bishop (Eds.) Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (4th ed.) (pp. 311--323). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Taylor & Francis Group New York NY.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3185-5_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-013-9358-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 26th Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 509--514)","author":"Mills C.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mills, C. and D'Mello, S. K. 2013. Emotions during writing about socially-charged issues: Effects of the (mis) alignment of personal positions with instructed positions. In: Proceedings of 26th Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society Conference (pp. 509--514). Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","first-page":"233","volume-title":"New York: Oxford University Press.","author":"Baker R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baker, R., and Ocumpaugh, J. 2015. Interaction-based affect detection in educational software. In R. Calvo, S. D'Mello, J. Gratch & A. Kappas (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of affective computing (pp. 233--245). New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"New York: Oxford University Press.","author":"D'Mello S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"D'Mello, S., and Graesser, A. 2015. Feeling, thinking, and computing with affect-aware learning technologies. In R. Calvo, S. D'Mello, J. Gratch & A. Kappas (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of affective computing (pp. 419--434). New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"The construction and application of student models in intelligent tutoring systems","volume":"23","author":"Brusilovsky P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brusilovsky, P. 1994. The construction and application of student models in intelligent tutoring systems. Journal of Computer and Systems Science International, 23, 70--89.","journal-title":"Journal of Computer and Systems Science International"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2723576.2723595"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2014.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17239\/jowr-2013.05.01.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","article-title":"Linguistic microfeatures to predict L2 writing proficiency: A case study in automated writing evaluation","author":"Crossley S. A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crossley, S. A., Kyle, K., Allen, L. K., Guo, L., and McNamara, D. S. 2014. Linguistic microfeatures to predict L2 writing proficiency: A case study in automated writing evaluation. Journal of Writing Assessment.","journal-title":"Journal of Writing Assessment."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM","author":"Allen L. K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allen, L. K., and McNamara, D. S. 2015. You are your words: Modeling students' vocabulary knowledge with natural language processing. In: O. C. Santos et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2015). Madrid, Spain."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2449396.2449426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leijten M. and Van Waes L. 2013. Keystroke logging in writing research: Using Inputlog to analyze and visualize writing processes Written Communication 30 358--392.","DOI":"10.1177\/0741088313491692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"New York: Guilford Press.","author":"Van Waes L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van Waes, L., Leijten, M., Lindgren, E., and Wengelin, A. 2015. Keystroke logging in writing research: Analyzing online writing processes. In C. A. MacArthur, S. Graham, & J. Fitzgerald, Handbook of writing research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Analyzing writing process data: A linguistic perspective","author":"Leijten M.","unstructured":"Leijten, M., van Horenbeeck, E., and Van Waes, L. 2015. Analyzing writing process data: A linguistic perspective. In G. Cislaru (Ed.), Writing(s) at the crossroads: The process\/product interface. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 389--402)","author":"Kellogg R. T.","unstructured":"Kellogg, R. T. 2006. Professional writing expertise. In K. A. Ericsson, N. Charness, P. J. Feltovich, and R. R. Hoffman (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance (pp. 389--402). Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64152\/10125\/44373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Automated detection of essay revising patterns: application for intelligent feedback in a writing tutor","volume":"10","author":"Roscoe R. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roscoe, R. D., Snow, E. L., Allen, L. K., and McNamara, D. S. 2015. Automated detection of essay revising patterns: application for intelligent feedback in a writing tutor. Technology, Instruction, Cognition, and Learning, 10, 59--79.","journal-title":"Technology, Instruction, Cognition, and Learning"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2655323"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.58680\/rte197520067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.6.934"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2011.613668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939408408938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0741088309351547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X11413260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-8765.2010.01081.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count: LIWC {computer software}","author":"Pennebaker J. W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., & Francis, M. E. (2007). Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count: LIWC {computer software}. Austin, TX."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14550"}],"event":{"name":"LAK '16: 6th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge","location":"Edinburgh United Kingdom","acronym":"LAK '16"},"container-title":["Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Learning Analytics &amp; Knowledge"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2883851.2883939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2883851.2883939","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2883851.2883939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:27:52Z","timestamp":1763458072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2883851.2883939"}},"subtitle":["the essay, the writer, and keystrokes"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2883851.2883939","10.1145\/2883851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2883851.2883939","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}