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Percept."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Subjective image-quality estimation with high-quality images is often a preference-estimation task. Preferences are subjective, and individual differences exist. Individual differences are also seen in the eye movements of people. A task's subjectivity can result from people using different rules as a basis for their estimation. Using two studies, we investigated whether different preference-estimation rules are related to individual differences in viewing behaviour by examining the process of preference estimation of high-quality images. The estimation rules were measured from free subjective reports on important quality-related attributes (Study 1) and from estimations of the attributes\u2019 importance in preference estimation (Study 2). The free reports showed that the observers used both feature-based image-quality attributes (e.g., sharpness, illumination) and abstract attributes, which include an interpretation of the image features (e.g., atmosphere and naturalness). In addition, the observers were classified into three viewing-strategy groups differing in fixation durations in both studies. These groups also used different estimation rules. In both studies, the group with medium-length fixations differed in their estimation rules from the other groups. In Study 1, the observers in this group used more abstract attributes than those in the other groups; in Study 2, they considered atmosphere to be a more important image feature. The study shows that individual differences in a quality-estimation task are related to both estimation rules and viewing strategies, and that the difference is related to the level of abstraction of the estimations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2890504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T12:15:09Z","timestamp":1464696909000},"page":"1-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Individual Differences in Image-Quality Estimations"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jenni","family":"Radun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Nuutinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuomas","family":"Leisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"H\u00e4kkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(99)00019-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/209535"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.22.2.023014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/9.3.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/14.3.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.5.1283"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1196-1961.62.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280902793843"},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Educational Research","author":"DiStefano Christine","key":"e_1_2_2_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/10.10.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/8.2.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.2011760"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2014.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf215"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.16.5.850"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031224"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-9382(00)00056-1"},{"volume-title":"Conference Record \u2014 Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. 1693--1697","year":"2012","author":"Jayaraman Dinesh","key":"e_1_2_2_20_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00821.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2006.273126"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brian W. 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