{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:18:37Z","timestamp":1774685917927,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011-0018340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-0018340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Shadow theatre is a genre of performance art in which the actors are only visible as shadows projected on the screen. The goal of this study is to generate animated characters, the shadows of which match a sequence of target silhouettes. This poses several challenges. The motion of multiple characters are carefully coordinated to form a target silhouette on the screen, and each character's pose should be stable, balanced, and plausible. The resulting character animation should be smooth and coherent spatially and temporally. We formulate the problem as nonlinear constrained optimization with objectives, which were designed to generate plausible human motions. Our optimization algorithm was primarily inspired by the heuristic strategies of professional shadow theatre actors. Their know-how was studied and then incorporated into our optimization formulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a variety of target silhouettes and 3D fabrication of the results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T16:04:33Z","timestamp":1468253073000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Shadow theatre"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jungdam","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jehee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","volume-title":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal A."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073207"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1468075.1468082"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Attraction. Attraction official website. http:\/\/www.attraction.hu\/.  Attraction. Attraction official website. http:\/\/www.attraction.hu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2012.03038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/563858.563901"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH\/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, SCA '03, 320--328","author":"Davis J."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1787422.1787438"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","unstructured":"Fireflies. Fireflies official website. http:\/\/fireflies.com.ua\/.  Fireflies. Fireflies official website. http:\/\/fireflies.com.ua\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1274871.1274873"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800031.808601"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, ICCV, 1381--1388","author":"Guan P."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508397"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 312--317","author":"Hansen N."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/383259.383327"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073323"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1599470.1599483"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/275458.275461"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566633"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2421731.2421750"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/545261.545286"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566607"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1559755.1559756"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818013"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","unstructured":"Magicplay. Magicplay official website. http:\/\/www.magicplay.co.kr\/.  Magicplay. Magicplay official website. http:\/\/www.magicplay.co.kr\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattausch O. Igarashi T. and Wimmer M. 2013. Freeform shadow boundary editing. 175--184.  Mattausch O. Igarashi T. and Wimmer M. 2013. Freeform shadow boundary editing. 175--184.","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618502"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","unstructured":"OGRE. Object-oriented graphics rendering engine. http:\/\/www.ogre3d.org\/.  OGRE. Object-oriented graphics rendering engine. http:\/\/www.ogre3d.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566617"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FGR.2006.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","volume-title":"CVPR 2nd Workshop on Evaluation of Articulated Human Motion and Pose Estimation (EHuM2),.","author":"Poppe R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33765-9_41"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2398356.2398381"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","unstructured":"SilhouetteSquad. Silhouette Squad official website. https:\/\/www.talentcult.com\/SilhouetteSquad\/.  SilhouetteSquad. Silhouette Squad official website. https:\/\/www.talentcult.com\/SilhouetteSquad\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","volume-title":"In WSCG International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision.","author":"Sminchisescu C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing, SGP '07","author":"Sorkine O."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2009.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358876.358882"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/800248.807402"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2897824.2925869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2897824.2925869","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:38:46Z","timestamp":1750221526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2897824.2925869"}},"subtitle":["discovering human motion from a sequence of silhouettes"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2897824.2925869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2897824.2925869","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}