{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:44:51Z","timestamp":1787017491232,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have recently drawn great attention in computational imaging because they can drastically reduce the size and weight of imaging devices compared to their refractive counterparts. However, the inherent strong dispersion is a tremendous obstacle that limits the use of DOEs in full spectrum imaging, causing unacceptable loss of color fidelity in the images. In particular, metamerism introduces a data dependency in the image blur, which has been neglected in computational imaging methods so far. We introduce both a\n                    <jats:italic>diffractive achromat<\/jats:italic>\n                    based on computational optimization, as well as a corresponding algorithm for correction of residual aberrations. Using this approach, we demonstrate high fidelity color diffractive-only imaging over the full visible spectrum. In the optical design, the height profile of a diffractive lens is optimized to balance the focusing contributions of different wavelengths for a specific focal length. The spectral point spread functions (PSFs) become nearly identical to each other, creating approximately spectrally invariant blur kernels. This property guarantees good color preservation in the captured image and facilitates the correction of residual aberrations in our fast two-step deconvolution without additional color priors. We demonstrate our design of diffractive achromat on a 0.5mm ultrathin substrate by photolithography techniques. Experimental results show that our achromatic diffractive lens produces high color fidelity and better image quality in the full visible spectrum.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2897824.2925941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]],"date-time":"2016-07-11T12:04:33Z","timestamp":1468238673000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["The diffractive achromat full spectrum computational imaging with diffractive optics"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Heide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of British Columbia and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Heidrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and The University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aieta F. Genevet P. Kats M. A. Yu N. Blanchard R. Gaburro Z. and Capasso F. 2012. Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces. Nano letters 12 9 4932--4936.  Aieta F. Genevet P. Kats M. A. Yu N. Blanchard R. Gaburro Z. and Capasso F. 2012. Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces. Nano letters 12 9 4932--4936.","DOI":"10.1021\/nl302516v"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aieta F. Kats M. A. Genevet P. and Capasso F. 2015. Multiwavelength achromatic metasurfaces by dispersive phase compensation. Science 347 6228 1342--1345.  Aieta F. Kats M. A. Genevet P. and Capasso F. 2015. Multiwavelength achromatic metasurfaces by dispersive phase compensation. Science 347 6228 1342--1345.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2494"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995660"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2011.2158229"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","volume-title":"Proc. of 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, 81--86","author":"Eberhart R. C."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Fischer R. E. Tadic-Galeb B. Yoder P. R. and Galeb R. 2008. Optical system design. McGraw Hill.   Fischer R. E. Tadic-Galeb B. Yoder P. R. and Galeb R. 2008. Optical system design. McGraw Hill."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gill P. R. and Stork D. G. 2013. Lensless ultra-miniature imagers using odd-symmetry spiral phase gratings. In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging OSA CW4C-3.  Gill P. R. and Stork D. G. 2013. Lensless ultra-miniature imagers using odd-symmetry spiral phase gratings. In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging OSA CW4C-3.","DOI":"10.1364\/COSI.2013.CW4C.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Introduction to Fourier optics","author":"Goodman J.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3035549"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2516971.2516974"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2012.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","volume-title":"Proc. CVPR, IEEE, 1--8.","author":"Joshi N."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.001695"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.002814"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","unstructured":"Krishnan D. and Fergus R. 2009. Fast image deconvolution using hyper-laplacian priors. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS 1033--1041.  Krishnan D. and Fergus R. 2009. Fast image deconvolution using hyper-laplacian priors. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS 1033--1041."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995521"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","first-page":"715","article-title":"Hybrid refractive\/diffractive achromatic camera lens, Feb. 3","volume":"5","author":"Meyers M. M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","volume-title":"Proc. SensorComm, IEIFSA.","author":"Monjur M."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muzychenko Y. B. Zinchik A. Stafeev S. and Tomilin M. 2011. Fractal diffraction elements with variable transmittance and phase shift. In International Commission for Optics (ICO 22) International Society for Optics and Photonics 80112F--80112F.  Muzychenko Y. B. Zinchik A. Stafeev S. and Tomilin M. 2011. Fractal diffraction elements with variable transmittance and phase shift. In International Commission for Optics (ICO 22) International Society for Optics and Photonics 80112F--80112F.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.903551"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakai T. and Ogawa H. 2002. Research on multi-layer diffractive optical elements and their application to camera lenses. In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics OSA DMA2.  Nakai T. and Ogawa H. 2002. Research on multi-layer diffractive optical elements and their application to camera lenses. In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics OSA DMA2.","DOI":"10.1364\/DOMO.2002.DMA2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","volume-title":"Proc. CVPR Workshops, IEEE, 33--41","author":"Nikonorov A."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.031393"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quirin S. and Piestun R. 2013. Depth estimation and image recovery using broadband incoherent illumination with engineered point spread functions {invited}. Applied optics 52 1 A367--A376.  Quirin S. and Piestun R. 2013. Depth estimation and image recovery using broadband incoherent illumination with engineered point spread functions {invited}. Applied optics 52 1 A367--A376.","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.00A367"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samei E. Flynn M. J. and Reimann D. A. 1998. A method for measuring the presampled mtf of digital radiographic systems using an edge test device. Medical physics 25 1 102--113.  Samei E. Flynn M. J. and Reimann D. A. 1998. A method for measuring the presampled mtf of digital radiographic systems using an edge test device. Medical physics 25 1 102--113.","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598165"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126301"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2013.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601200"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360672"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.22.022680"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","volume-title":"Proc. IS&T\/SPIE Electronic Imaging, SPIE, 86600C--86600C.","author":"Skauli T."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","volume-title":"Modern lens design","author":"Smith W. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Optical, mathematical, and computational foundations of lensless ultra-miniature diffractive imagers and sensors","volume":"7","author":"Stork D. G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal on Advances in Systems and Measurements"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2014.2305914"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y. Yun W. and Jacobsen C. 2003. Achromatic fresnel optics for wideband extreme-ultraviolet and x-ray imaging. Nature 424 6944 50--53.  Wang Y. Yun W. and Jacobsen C. 2003. Achromatic fresnel optics for wideband extreme-ultraviolet and x-ray imaging. Nature 424 6944 50--53.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01756"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang P. Mohammad N. and Menon R. 2016. Chromaticaberration-corrected diffractive lenses for ultra-broadband focusing. Scientific reports 6.  Wang P. Mohammad N. and Menon R. 2016. Chromaticaberration-corrected diffractive lenses for ultra-broadband focusing. Scientific reports 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21545"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2352\/J.ImagingSci.Technol.(2008)52:1(010201)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2661229.2661246"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1360612.1360673"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","volume-title":"Proc. CVPR, IEEE, 1684--1692","author":"Yue T."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.38.004281"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2897824.2925941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2897824.2925941","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:55:04Z","timestamp":1750208104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2897824.2925941"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2897824.2925941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2897824.2925941","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0730-0301","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7368","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}