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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, phase-change memory (PCM) has generated a great deal of interest because of its byte addressability and nonvolatility properties. It is regarded as a good alternative storage medium that can reduce the performance gap between the main memory and the secondary storage in computing systems. However, its high energy consumption on writes is a challenging issue in the design of battery-powered mobile computing systems. To reduce the energy consumption, we exploit the byte addressability and the asymmetric read-write energy\/latency of PCM in an energy-efficient update scheme for journaling file systems. We also introduce a concept called the 50% rule to determine\/recommend the best update strategy for block updates. The proposed scheme only writes modified data, instead of the whole updated block, to PCM-based storage devices without extra hardware support. Moreover, it guarantees the sanity\/integrity of file systems even if the computing system crashes or there is a power failure during the data update process. We implemented the proposed scheme on the Linux system and conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the scheme. The results are very encouraging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2910590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]],"date-time":"2016-06-10T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1465563633000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Byte-Addressable Update Scheme to Minimize the Energy Consumption of PCM-Based Storage Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ming-Chang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Hao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Che-Wei","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"File System Forensic Analysis","author":"Carrier Brian","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1"},{"volume-title":"Proc. of the CIDR.","year":"2011","author":"Chen Shimin","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1669112.1669157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1629575.1629589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"T. 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