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In this article, we consider these design issues as a whole and propose a system-level design optimization framework for CPSS design where energy consumption, security-level, and user satisfaction requirements can be fulfilled while satisfying constraints for system reliability. Specifically, we model the constraints (energy efficiency, security, and reliability) as the penalty functions to be incorporated into the corresponding objective functions for the optimization problem. A smart office application is presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed design optimization approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2925991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,14]],"date-time":"2017-04-14T12:18:48Z","timestamp":1492172328000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["System-Level Design Optimization for Security-Critical Cyber-Physical-Social Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence T.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology and St. Francis Xavier University, Canada"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Francis Xavier University, Canada"}]},{"given":"Zili","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Dakai","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at San Antonio"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECS.2004.1399745"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPDAC.2011.5722283"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2005.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1858171.1858175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2013.2274042"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2009.2014055"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISQED.2007.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ait.2012.21001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2014.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1289816.1289873"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom.2013.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2005.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCC.2004.1286716"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132357.1132364"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2013.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.02.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.294849"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11572961_51"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-AFFC.2011.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CLUSTR.2009.5289182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2010.104"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications. 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