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Parallel GAs not only reduce the overall GA execution time, but also bring higher quality solutions due to parallel search in multiple parts of the solution space. This paper proposes a parallel GA system on hardware such as Field-Programmable-Gate-Arrays (FPGAs). Our approach targets multiple FPGAs by exploring different search areas of the same solution space with different behaviours. Each FPGA contains an optimised customisable GA which can be configured using run-time parameters, removing the need for expensive recompilation. This paper also explores adjustment of the migration gap, providing empirical guidance on good settings to users. Experiments on three problems show the high performance of our system, with a 30 times speedup achieved compared to a multi-core CPU-based implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2927964.2927980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,25]],"date-time":"2016-04-25T19:51:13Z","timestamp":1461613873000},"page":"86-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Parallel Genetic Algorithms on Multiple FPGAs"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Liucheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreea Ingrid","family":"Funie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haohuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Mitchell \"An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms\" Bradford Book 1998.   M. Mitchell \"An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms\" Bradford Book 1998.","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3927.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Theory and Real World Applications","author":"Luque G.","year":"2011","unstructured":"G. Luque , and E. Alba , \" Parallel Genetic Algorithms : Theory and Real World Applications \", Springer , Vol . 37, 2011 . G. 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Papaefstathiou, \"High-speed FPGA-based implementations of a Genetic Algorithm\", International Symposium on Systems, Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (SAMOS), pp. 9--16, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"867","article-title":"Development of a flexible hardware core for genetic algorithm","volume":"1","author":"Pimery J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. Pimery , and K. Pinit , \" Development of a flexible hardware core for genetic algorithm \", Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems , Vol. 1 , pp. 867 -- 870 , 2009 . J. Pimery, and K. 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Kanasugi, \"A parallel processor for distributed genetic algorithm with redundant binary number\", 6th International Conference on New Trends in Information Science and Service Science and Data Mining (ISSDM), pp. 125--128, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"2800","volume-title":"IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","author":"M. S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"M. S. Jelodar et.al., \"SOPC-based parallel genetic algorithm \", IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation , pp. 2800 -- 2806 , 2006 . M. S. Jelodar et.al., \"SOPC-based parallel genetic algorithm\", IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 2800--2806, 2006."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL.2014.6927501"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","DOI":"10.1109\/ReConFig.2012.6416724"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"World Scientific","author":"Coley D. A.","year":"1999","unstructured":"D. A. 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