{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T15:22:51Z","timestamp":1771514571054,"version":"3.50.1"},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":44,"publisher":"ACM","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRL-1007962, IIS-1409639, CNS-1042468, CNS-1453520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRL-1007962, IIS-1409639, CNS-1042468, CNS-1453520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/2930238.2930257","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T08:11:05Z","timestamp":1468311065000},"page":"65-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Gender Differences in Facial Expressions of Affect During Learning"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Alexandria K.","family":"Vail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Grafsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristy Elizabeth","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric N.","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1659450.1659458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2011.157"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Gender and emotion in context","volume":"3","author":"Brody L. R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"L. R. Brody and J. A. Hall. Gender and emotion in context. Handbook of emotions, 3:395--408, 2008.","journal-title":"Handbook of emotions"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2007.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2049974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810141004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-010-9093-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20267-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930701516759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1358165042000283101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-997-0_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31454-4_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-011-9106-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(90)90024-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2012.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2395123.2395128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings","author":"Ekman P.","year":"1972","unstructured":"P. Ekman, W. V. Friesen, and P. Ellsworth. Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings. Pergamon Press, 1972."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Facial Action Coding System: Investigator's Guide","author":"Ekman P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"P. Ekman, W. V. Friesen, and J. C. Hager. Facial Action Coding System: Investigator's Guide. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2062780.2062795"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19773-9_67"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining","author":"Grafsgaard J. F.","year":"2013","unstructured":"J. F. Grafsgaard, J. B. Wiggins, K. E. Boyer, E. N. Wiebe, and J. C. Lester. Automatically Recognizing Facial Expression: Predicting Engagement and Frustration. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pages 43--50, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2663204.2663264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2021855.2021887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2392800.2392844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.85.4.845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.4.2.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_1","first-page":"102","article-title":"The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives","volume":"2","author":"John O. P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"O. P. John and S. Srivastava. The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2:102--138, 1999.","journal-title":"Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Keltner. Signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displays of embarrassment amusement and shame. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology page 441.","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.68.3.441"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_33_1","volume-title":"Option or obligation to smile: The effects of power and gender on facial expression. The social context of nonverbal behavior: Studies in emotion and social interaction, page 431","author":"LaFrance M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"M. LaFrance and M. A. Hecht. Option or obligation to smile: The effects of power and gender on facial expression. The social context of nonverbal behavior: Studies in emotion and social interaction, page 431, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012064455-1\/50010-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2011.5771418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLT.2013.059132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-011-9105-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39112-5_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20267-9_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2011.611369"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03640210709336984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08786-3_42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJLT.2009.028804"}],"event":{"name":"UMAP '16: User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization Conference","location":"Halifax Nova Scotia Canada","acronym":"UMAP '16","sponsor":["SIGWEB ACM Special Interest Group on Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web","SIGCHI ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction"]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on User Modeling Adaptation and Personalization"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2930238.2930257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2930238.2930257","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2930238.2930257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:48:22Z","timestamp":1763459302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2930238.2930257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2930238.2930257","10.1145\/2930238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2930238.2930257","relation":{},"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-07-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}