{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:09:18Z","timestamp":1750306158081,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Database Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human activity is almost always intentional, be it in a physical context or as part of an interaction with a computer system. By understanding why user-generated events are happening and what purposes they serve, a system can offer a significantly improved and more engaging experience. However, goals cannot be easily captured. Analyzing user actions such as clicks and purchases can reveal patterns and behaviors, but understanding the goals behind these actions is a different and challenging issue. Our work presents a unified, multidisciplinary viewpoint for goal management that covers many different cases where goals can be used and techniques with which they can be exploited. Our purpose is to provide a common reference point to the concepts and challenging tasks that need to be formally defined when someone wants to approach a data analysis problem from a goal-oriented point of view. This work also serves as a springboard to discuss several open challenges and opportunities for goal-oriented approaches in data management, analysis, and sharing systems and applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2934666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T13:36:49Z","timestamp":1478698609000},"page":"1-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Goal Behind the Action"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Koutrika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HP Labs, USA, Palo Alto, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mylopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannis","family":"Velegrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2594582.2594588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-009-9095-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). 1635--1640","author":"Armentano Marcelo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marcelo Armentano and Anal\u00eda Amandi . 2009 . Goal recognition with variable-order Markov models . In Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). 1635--1640 . Marcelo Armentano and Anal\u00eda Amandi. 2009. Goal recognition with variable-order Markov models. In Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). 1635--1640."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"AAAI Spring Symposium: Trust and Autonomous Systems.","author":"Atkinson David John","year":"2013","unstructured":"David John Atkinson and Micah Henry Clark . 2013 . Autonomous agents and human interpersonal trust: Can we engineer a human-machine social interface for trust? In AAAI Spring Symposium: Trust and Autonomous Systems. David John Atkinson and Micah Henry Clark. 2013. Autonomous agents and human interpersonal trust: Can we engineer a human-machine social interface for trust? In AAAI Spring Symposium: Trust and Autonomous Systems."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.120.3.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11880561_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dir.10006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1989323.1989383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2684822.2685304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"IJCAI","author":"Blaylock Nate","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nate Blaylock and James Allen . 2003 . Corpus-based, statistical goal recognition . In IJCAI 2003. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1303--1308. Nate Blaylock and James Allen. 2003. Corpus-based, statistical goal recognition. In IJCAI 2003. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1303--1308."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Workshop on Modeling Others from Observations (MOO\u201905)","author":"Blaylock Nate","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nate Blaylock and James Allen . 2005 . Recognizing instantiated goals using statistical methods . In Workshop on Modeling Others from Observations (MOO\u201905) , G. Kaminka (Ed.). 79--86. Nate Blaylock and James Allen. 2005. Recognizing instantiated goals using statistical methods. In Workshop on Modeling Others from Observations (MOO\u201905), G. Kaminka (Ed.). 79--86."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/792550.792552"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Sandra Carberry. 1983. Tracking user goals in an information-seeking environment. In AAAI. 59--63.   Sandra Carberry. 1983. Tracking user goals in an information-seeking environment. In AAAI. 59--63."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011118925938"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.v60:5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2247596.2247679"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI.2006.93"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (CoRR).","author":"Charniak Eugene","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"Eugene Charniak and Robert P. Goldman . 2013. Plan recognition in stories and in life . In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (CoRR). Eugene Charniak and Robert P. Goldman. 2013. Plan recognition in stories and in life. In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (CoRR)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT\u201914)","author":"Cheema Muhammad Aamir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muhammad Aamir Cheema , Zhitao Shen , Xuemin Lin , and Wenjie Zhang . 2014 . A unified framework for efficiently processing ranking related queries . In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT\u201914) . 427--438. Muhammad Aamir Cheema, Zhitao Shen, Xuemin Lin, and Wenjie Zhang. 2014. A unified framework for efficiently processing ranking related queries. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Extending Database Technology (EDBT\u201914). 427--438."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom-PASSAT.2012.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2009.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2008.06.007"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL). 209--212","author":"Paul","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Paul A. Crook and Oliver Lemon. 2010. Representing uncertainty about complex user goals in statistical dialogue systems . In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL). 209--212 . Paul A. Crook and Oliver Lemon. 2010. Representing uncertainty about complex user goals in statistical dialogue systems. In Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue (SIGDIAL). 209--212."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2667691.2667692"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI.2007.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.588021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Russell","author":"Doucet Arnaud","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arnaud Doucet , Nando de Freitas , Kevin P. Murphy , and Stuart J . Russell . 2000 . Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering for dynamic bayesian networks. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201900). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 176--183. Arnaud Doucet, Nando de Freitas, Kevin P. Murphy, and Stuart J. Russell. 2000. Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering for dynamic bayesian networks. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201900). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 176--183."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1040830.1040855"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Nilsson","author":"Fikes Richard E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Richard E. Fikes and Nils J . Nilsson . 1971 . STRIPS : A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving. In IJCAI. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , 608--620. Richard E. Fikes and Nils J. Nilsson. 1971. STRIPS: A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving. In IJCAI. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 608--620."},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to Theory and Research","author":"Fishbein Martin","key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen . 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior : An Introduction to Theory and Research . Addison-Wesley . Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen. 1975. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367544"},{"volume-title":"DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX\u201901)","author":"Geib C. W.","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"C. W. Geib and R. P. Goldman . 2001. Plan recognition in intrusion detection systems . In DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX\u201901) . C. W. Geib and R. P. Goldman. 2001. Plan recognition in intrusion detection systems. In DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition (DISCEX\u201901)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE).","author":"Gold Kevin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kevin Gold . 2010 . Training goal recognition online from low-level inputs in an action-adventure game . In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE). Kevin Gold. 2010. Training goal recognition online from low-level inputs in an action-adventure game. In Proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.","author":"Ha Eun Y.","key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","unstructured":"Eun Y. Ha , Jonathan P. Rowe , Bradford W. Mott , and James C. Lester . 2012. Goal recognition with Markov logic networks for player-adaptive games . In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Eun Y. Ha, Jonathan P. Rowe, Bradford W. Mott, and James C. Lester. 2012. Goal recognition with Markov logic networks for player-adaptive games. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"The Anh Han and Lu\u00eds Moniz Pereira. 2010. Collective intention recognition and elder care. In Proactive Assistant Agents Papers from the 2010 AAAI Fall Symposium.  The Anh Han and Lu\u00eds Moniz Pereira. 2010. Collective intention recognition and elder care. In Proactive Assistant Agents Papers from the 2010 AAAI Fall Symposium."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1718487.1718515"},{"volume-title":"Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB\u201910)","author":"Yulan He.","key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Yulan He. 2010. Goal detection from natural language queries . In Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB\u201910) . Springer-Verlag , 157--168. Yulan He. 2010. Goal detection from natural language queries. In Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems (NLDB\u201910). Springer-Verlag, 157--168."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2012.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","unstructured":"Jun Hong. 2000. Plan recognition through goal graph analysis. In ECAI. 496--500.   Jun Hong. 2000. Plan recognition through goal graph analysis. In ECAI. 496--500."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 256--265","author":"Horvitz Eric","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eric Horvitz , Jack Breese , David Heckerman , David Hovel , and Koos Rommelse . 1998 . The Lumiere project: Bayesian user modeling for inferring the goals and needs of software users . In Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 256--265 . Eric Horvitz, Jack Breese, David Heckerman, David Hovel, and Koos Rommelse. 1998. The Lumiere project: Bayesian user modeling for inferring the goals and needs of software users. In Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 256--265."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2007.11.001"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on User Modeling (UM\u201903)","author":"Marcus","key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","unstructured":"Marcus J. Huber and Richard Simpson. 2003. Plan recognition to aid the visually impaired . In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on User Modeling (UM\u201903) . Springer-Verlag, 138--142. Marcus J. Huber and Richard Simpson. 2003. Plan recognition to aid the visually impaired. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on User Modeling (UM\u201903). Springer-Verlag, 138--142."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2007.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","volume-title":"Myers","author":"Jarvis Peter A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peter A. Jarvis , Teresa F. Lunt , and Karen L . Myers . 2004 . Identifying terrorist activity with AI plan recognition technology. In Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI\u201904). AAAI Press , 858--863. Peter A. Jarvis, Teresa F. Lunt, and Karen L. Myers. 2004. Identifying terrorist activity with AI plan recognition technology. In Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI\u201904). AAAI Press, 858--863."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","volume-title":"Abder Rezak Benaskeur, and Hengameh Irandoust","author":"Kabanza Froduald","year":"2010","unstructured":"Froduald Kabanza , Philipe Bellefeuille , Francis Bisson , Abder Rezak Benaskeur, and Hengameh Irandoust . 2010 . Opponent behaviour recognition for real-time strategy games. In Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition (AAAI Workshops), Vol. WS-10- 05 . AAAI. Froduald Kabanza, Philipe Bellefeuille, Francis Bisson, Abder Rezak Benaskeur, and Hengameh Irandoust. 2010. Opponent behaviour recognition for real-time strategy games. In Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition (AAAI Workshops), Vol. WS-10-05. AAAI."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/860435.860449"},{"volume-title":"A formal theory of plan recognition and its implementation. In .Reasoning About Plans","author":"Kautz Henry A.","key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","unstructured":"Henry A. Kautz . 1991. A formal theory of plan recognition and its implementation. In .Reasoning About Plans . Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , 69--124. Henry A. Kautz. 1991. A formal theory of plan recognition and its implementation. In .Reasoning About Plans. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 69--124."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 3152--3158","author":"Keren Sarah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarah Keren , Avigdor Gal , and Erez Karpas . 2016 a. Goal recognition design with non-observable actions . In Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 3152--3158 . Sarah Keren, Avigdor Gal, and Erez Karpas. 2016a. Goal recognition design with non-observable actions. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 3152--3158."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI).","author":"Keren Sarah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarah Keren , Avigdor Gal , and Erez Karpas . 2016 b. Privacy preserving plans in partially observable environments . In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI). Sarah Keren, Avigdor Gal, and Erez Karpas. 2016b. Privacy preserving plans in partially observable environments. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060745.1060804"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on User modeling. Springer-Verlag New York","author":"Lesh Neal","key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","unstructured":"Neal Lesh , Charles Rich , and Candace L. Sidner . 1999. Using plan recognition in human-computer collaboration . In Proceedings of the International Conference on User modeling. Springer-Verlag New York , Secaucus, NJ, 23--32. Neal Lesh, Charles Rich, and Candace L. Sidner. 1999. Using plan recognition in human-computer collaboration. In Proceedings of the International Conference on User modeling. Springer-Verlag New York, Secaucus, NJ, 23--32."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1148170.1148266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v30i4.2266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2012.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2010.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1183614.1183711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2007.14"},{"volume-title":"Tale-spin","author":"Meehan James R.","key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","unstructured":"James R. Meehan . 1981. Tale-spin . In Inside Computer Understanding, R. Schank (Ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum , Hillsdale, NJ , 197--225. James R. Meehan. 1981. Tale-spin. In Inside Computer Understanding, R. Schank (Ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 197--225."},{"volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence","author":"Mott Bradford","key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","unstructured":"Bradford Mott , Sunyoung Lee , and James Lester . 2006. Probabilistic goal recognition in interactive narrative environments . In Artificial Intelligence . AAAI Press , 187--192. Bradford Mott, Sunyoung Lee, and James Lester. 2006. Probabilistic goal recognition in interactive narrative environments. In Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Press, 187--192."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14778\/2732269.2732273"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Jordan","author":"Murphy Kevin P.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kevin P. Murphy , Yair Weiss , and Michael I . Jordan . 1999 . Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201999). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers , 467--475. Kevin P. Murphy, Yair Weiss, and Michael I. Jordan. 1999. Loopy belief propagation for approximate inference: An empirical study. In Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI\u201999). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 467--475."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/291469.293165"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(82)90012-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDEW.2016.7495651"},{"volume-title":"2015 IEEE 31st International Conference on Data Engineering. 1538--1540","author":"Papadimitriou D.","key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","unstructured":"D. Papadimitriou , Y. Velegrakis , G. Koutrika , and J. Mylopoulos . 2015. Goals in social media, information retrieval and intelligent agents . In 2015 IEEE 31st International Conference on Data Engineering. 1538--1540 . D. Papadimitriou, Y. Velegrakis, G. Koutrika, and J. Mylopoulos. 2015. Goals in social media, information retrieval and intelligent agents. In 2015 IEEE 31st International Conference on Data Engineering. 1538--1540."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2010.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39653-6_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466601164704"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1778--1783","author":"Ram\u0131rez Miquel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miquel Ram\u0131rez and Hector Geffner . 2009 . Plan recognition as planning . In Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1778--1783 . Miquel Ram\u0131rez and Hector Geffner. 2009. Plan recognition as planning. In Proceedings of the 21st International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1778--1783."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2283696.2283736"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antoine Raux and Yi Ma. 2011. Efficient probabilistic tracking of user goal and dialog history for spoken dialog systems. In INTERSPEECH. 801--804.  Antoine Raux and Yi Ma. 2011. Efficient probabilistic tracking of user goal and dialog history for spoken dialog systems. In INTERSPEECH. 801--804.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-293"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","volume-title":"Improving the accuracy and efficiency of map inference for Markov logic. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing abs\/1206.3282","author":"Riedel Sebastian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebastian Riedel . 2012. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of map inference for Markov logic. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing abs\/1206.3282 ( 2012 ). Sebastian Riedel. 2012. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of map inference for Markov logic. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing abs\/1206.3282 (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","unstructured":"Mark Owen Riedl. 2004. Narrative Generation: Balancing Plot and Character. Ph.D. Dissertation. North Carolina State University.  Mark Owen Riedl. 2004. Narrative Generation: Balancing Plot and Character. Ph.D. Dissertation. North Carolina State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/180139.181006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/988672.988675"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IAT.2007.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","volume-title":"Russell and Peter Norvig","author":"Stuart","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig . 2003 . Artificial Intelligence : A Modern Approach. Pearson Education . Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig. 2003. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Pearson Education."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","unstructured":"Fariba Sadri. 2012. Intention recognition in agents for ambient intelligence: Logic-based approaches. In Agents and Ambient Intelligence. 197--236.  Fariba Sadri. 2012. Intention recognition in agents for ambient intelligence: Logic-based approaches. In Agents and Ambient Intelligence. 197--236."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fariba Sadri. 2014. Logic-based approaches to intention recognition. In Handbook of Research on Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments: Trends and Perspectives N. Chong F. Mastrogiovanni (Eds.). 346--375.  Fariba Sadri. 2014. Logic-based approaches to intention recognition. In Handbook of Research on Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments: Trends and Perspectives N. Chong F. Mastrogiovanni (Eds.). 346--375.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61692-857-5.ch018"},{"volume-title":"Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence","author":"Schank Roger C.","key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","unstructured":"Roger C. Schank . 1995. Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence . Northwestern University Press . Roger C. Schank. 1995. Tell Me a Story: Narrative and Intelligence. Northwestern University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(78)90012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1986.0080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Warmuth","author":"Singer Yoram","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yoram Singer and Manfred K . Warmuth . 1996 . Training algorithms for hidden Markov models using entropy based distance functions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9. MIT Press , 641--647. Yoram Singer and Manfred K. Warmuth. 1996. Training algorithms for hidden Markov models using entropy based distance functions. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9. MIT Press, 641--647."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1719970.1720035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1557914.1557986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-007-0004-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2088620"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing","volume":"2","author":"Wilcox Lynn","unstructured":"Lynn Wilcox and M. A. Bush . 1992. Training and search algorithms for an interactive wordspotting system . In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing , Vol. 2 , 97--100. Lynn Wilcox and M. A. Bush. 1992. Training and search algorithms for an interactive wordspotting system. In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 2, 97--100."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.1042"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1387663.1387665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2806416.2806623"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2010.214"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Database Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2934666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2934666","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1750217987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2934666"}},"subtitle":["Toward Goal-Aware Systems and Applications"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2934666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2934666","relation":{},"ISSN":["0362-5915","1557-4644"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0362-5915"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-4644"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-01-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}