{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:52:35Z","timestamp":1763459555536,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CNS-1551661 and CNS-1565474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1551661 and CNS-1565474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grant Council","award":["HKU 718513, 17204715 and C7036-15G (CRF)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HKU 718513, 17204715 and C7036-15G (CRF)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000146","name":"Alberta Innovates - Technology Futures","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Model. Perform. Eval. Comput. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data centers are key participants in demand response programs, including emergency demand response (EDR), in which the grid coordinates consumers of large amounts of electricity for demand reduction in emergency situations to prevent major economic losses. While existing literature concentrates on owner-operated data centers, this work studies EDR in geo-distributed multitenant colocation data centers in which servers are owned and managed by individual tenants. EDR in colocation data centers is significantly more challenging due to lack of incentives to reduce energy consumption by tenants who control their servers and are typically on fixed power contracts with the colocation operator. Consequently, to achieve demand reduction goals set by the EDR program, the operator has to rely on the highly expensive and\/or environmentally unfriendly on-site energy backup\/generation. To reduce cost and environmental impact, an efficient incentive mechanism is therefore needed, motivating tenants\u2019 voluntary energy reduction in the case of EDR. This work proposes a novel incentive mechanism, Truth-DR, which leverages a reverse auction to provide monetary remuneration to tenants according to their agreed energy reduction. Truth-DR is computationally efficient, truthful, and achieves 2-approximation in colocation-wide social cost. Trace-driven simulations verify the efficacy of the proposed auction mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2950046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T09:13:56Z","timestamp":1474449236000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Truthful Incentive Mechanism for Emergency Demand Response in Geo-Distributed Colocation Data Centers"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Linquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaolei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Riverside"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongpeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGCC.2012.6322252"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S1052623497323194"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/874063.875583"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:REGE.0000012287.80449.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/2534500"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/548834"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1788814.1788841"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rsa.10033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/338219.338241"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Coskun","author":"Chen Hao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hao Chen, Michael C. Caramanis, and Ayse K. Coskun. 2014. The data center as a grid load stabilizer. In Proceedings of ASP-DAC. 105--112."},{"volume-title":"Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology","year":"2013","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Cisco. 2014. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2013--2018. http:\/\/www.anatel.org.mx\/docs\/interes\/Cisco_VNI_Forecast_and_Methodology.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01726210"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Data Center Knowledge.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Data Center Knowledge. 2014. Inside SuperNAP 8: Switch\u2019s tier IV data fortress. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/www.datacenterknowledge.com\/archives\/2014\/02\/11\/inside-supernap-8-switchs-tier-iv-data-fortress\/."},{"volume-title":"Retrieved","year":"2015","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"DatacenterMap. 2015. Colocation USA. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/www.datacentermap.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Consulting Enaxis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Enaxis Consulting. 2009. Pricing Data Center Co-location Services. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/enaxisconsulting.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"EnerNOC. 2013. Ensuring U.S. Grid Security and Reliability: U.S. EPA\u2019s Proposed Emergency Backup Generator Rule. http:\/\/www.sustainableplant.com\/assets\/Sustainable-Plant\/PDFs\/EPA-Proposed-Backup-Generator-Rule-EnerNOC-Position.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartGridComm.2012.6486023"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girish Ghatikar Venkata Ganti Nance Matson and Mary Ann Piette. 2012. Demand Response Opportunities and Enabling Technologies for Data Centers: Findings From Field Studies. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/7bh6n6kt.","DOI":"10.2172\/1174175"},{"volume-title":"Geometric Algorithms and Combinatorial Optimization","author":"Gr\u00f6tschel Martin","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Martin Gr\u00f6tschel, L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Lov\u00e1sz, and Alexander Schrijver. 1988. Geometric Algorithms and Combinatorial Optimization. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1914085"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2049697.2049699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE ICDEW. 272--278","author":"Li Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang Li, David Chiu, Changbin Liu, Linh T. X. Phan, Tanveer Gill, Sanchit Aggarwal, Zhuoyao Zhang, Boon Thau Loo, David Maier, and Bart McManus. 2013. Towards dynamic pricing-based collaborative optimizations for green data centers. In Proceedings of IEEE ICDEW. 272--278."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2012.2226216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2591971.2592004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Hadi Minooei. 2014. Mechanism design for covering problems. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"Misra Amitav","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amitav Misra. 2013. Responding before electric emergencies. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/www.afcom.com\/digital-library\/pub-type\/communique\/responding-before-electric-emergencies\/ (2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/moor.6.1.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"NYISO.","year":"2015","unstructured":"NYISO. 2015a. 2014 Annual Report. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/www.nyiso.com\/public\/webdocs\/markets_operations\/market_data\/demand_response\/Demand_Response\/Reports_to_FERC\/2015\/20150115 Trsnmttl Ltr Pblc Rprt 2014 Dmnd Rspns Prgrams.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"NYISO.","year":"2015","unstructured":"NYISO. 2015b. The New York independent system operator. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/www.nyiso.com\/public\/index.jsp."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","unstructured":"PJM. 2012. Emergency demand response (load management) performance report -- 2012\/2013. http:\/\/www.pjm.com\/&sim;\/media\/markets-ops\/dsr\/emergency-dr-load-management-performance-report-2012-2013.ashx."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","volume-title":"Retrieved","author":"PJM.","year":"2015","unstructured":"PJM. 2015. PJM interconnection. Retrieved August 24, 2016 from http:\/\/www.pjm.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","volume-title":"Islam","author":"Ren Shaolei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaolei Ren and Mohanmmad A. Islam. 2014. Colocation demand response: Why do I turn off my servers? In Proceedings of USENIX ICAC. 201--208."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","unstructured":"Markets and Markets. 2013. Colocation Market - Worldwide Market Forecast and Analysis (2013--2018). http:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/colocation-market-1252.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2591971.2591980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS.2015.7404755"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1993744.1993766"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1592568.1592604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1961.tb02789.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IGCC.2014.7039172"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2014.6847966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2591971.2591999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2745844.2745894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2015.7218656"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Modeling and Performance Evaluation of Computing Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2950046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2950046","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2950046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:48:36Z","timestamp":1763459316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2950046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2950046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2950046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2376-3639","2376-3647"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2376-3639"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2376-3647"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}