{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:09:21Z","timestamp":1762340961110,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian University","award":["JA14067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JA14067"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61472083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fujian Normal University Innovative Research Team","award":["NO.IRTL1207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.IRTL1207"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Young Scholars Fund of Fujian","award":["2016J06013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016J06013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Internet Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Two-party password-authenticated key exchange (2PAKE) protocols provide a natural mechanism for secret key establishment in distributed applications, and they have been extensively studied in past decades. However, only a few efforts have been made so far to design password-authenticated group key exchange (GPAKE) protocols. In a 2PAKE or GPAKE protocol, it is assumed that short passwords are preshared among users. This assumption, however, would be impractical in certain applications. Motivated by this observation, this article presents a GPAKE protocol without the password sharing assumption. To obtain the passwords, wireless devices, such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops, are used to extract short secrets at the physical layer. Using the extracted secrets, users in our protocol can establish a group key at higher layers with light computation consumptions. Thus, our GPAKE protocol is a cross-layer design. Additionally, our protocol is a compiler, that is, our protocol can transform any provably secure 2PAKE protocol into a GPAKE protocol with only one more round of communications. Besides, the proposed protocol is proved secure in the standard model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2955095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T17:26:14Z","timestamp":1481304374000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Password-Authenticated Group Key Exchange"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuexin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1760749.1760785"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11745853_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02384-2_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"RSA Conference (CT-RSA\u201911)","volume":"6558","author":"Abdalla Michel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michel Abdalla , C\u00e9line Chevalier , Louis Granboulan , and David Pointcheval . 2011 . Contributory password-authenticated group key exchange with join capability. In Topics in Cryptology - Proceedings of the Cryptographers\u2019 Track at the RSA Conference (CT-RSA\u201911) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Aggelos Kiayias (Ed.) , Vol. 6558 . Springer, 142--160. Michel Abdalla, C\u00e9line Chevalier, Louis Granboulan, and David Pointcheval. 2011. Contributory password-authenticated group key exchange with join capability. In Topics in Cryptology - Proceedings of the Cryptographers\u2019 Track at the RSA Conference (CT-RSA\u201911) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Aggelos Kiayias (Ed.), Vol. 6558. Springer, 142--160."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11935230_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45539-6_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/647098.717154"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology - Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT\u201994)","volume":"950","author":"Burmester Mike","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mike Burmester and Yvo Desmedt . 1994 . A secure and efficient conference key distribution system (extended abstract) . In Advances in Cryptology - Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT\u201994) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Alfredo De Santis (Ed.) , Vol. 950 . Springer, 275--286. Mike Burmester and Yvo Desmedt. 1994. A secure and efficient conference key distribution system (extended abstract). In Advances in Cryptology - Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques (EUROCRYPT\u201994) (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Alfredo De Santis (Ed.), Vol. 950. Springer, 275--286."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Alfredo De Santis, and Rosario Russo","author":"Castiglione Arcangelo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arcangelo Castiglione , Paolo D\u2019Arco , Alfredo De Santis, and Rosario Russo . 2015 a. Secure group communication schemes for dynamic heterogeneous distributed computing. In Press . Future Generation Computer Systems (2015). Arcangelo Castiglione, Paolo D\u2019Arco, Alfredo De Santis, and Rosario Russo. 2015a. Secure group communication schemes for dynamic heterogeneous distributed computing. In Press. Future Generation Computer Systems (2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2014.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INCoS.2013.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.246"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Password-based encrypted group key agreement","volume":"3","author":"Dutta Ratna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ratna Dutta and Rana Barua . 2006 . Password-based encrypted group key agreement . International Journal of Network Security 3 , 1 (2006), 23 -- 34 . Ratna Dutta and Rana Barua. 2006. Password-based encrypted group key agreement. International Journal of Network Security 3, 1 (2006), 23--34.","journal-title":"International Journal of Network Security"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"80","article-title":"The fairy-ring dance: Password authenticated key exchange in a group","volume":"2015","author":"Hao Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng Hao , Xun Yi , Liqun Chen , and Siamak Fayyaz Shahandashti . 2015 . The fairy-ring dance: Password authenticated key exchange in a group . IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2015 (2015), 80 . Feng Hao, Xun Yi, Liqun Chen, and Siamak Fayyaz Shahandashti. 2015. The fairy-ring dance: Password authenticated key exchange in a group. IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive 2015 (2015), 80.","journal-title":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.1355"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1614320.1614356"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1613676.1613679"},{"volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology - 23rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO\u201903), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)","author":"Katz Jonathan","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Jonathan Katz and Moti Yung . 2003. Scalable protocols for authenticated group key exchange . In Advances in Cryptology - 23rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO\u201903), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science) , Dan Boneh (Ed.), Vol. 2729 . Springer , 110--125. Jonathan Katz and Moti Yung. 2003. Scalable protocols for authenticated group key exchange. In Advances in Cryptology - 23rd Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO\u201903), (Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Dan Boneh (Ed.), Vol. 2729. Springer, 110--125."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sec.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30079-3_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2014.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1999995.2000016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409944.1409960"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2474705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2012.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2937755"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11767480_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1785001.1785005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2011.5934929"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.121010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJSN.2009.023431"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2013.2254507"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1833515.1833766"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Internet Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2955095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2955095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:56:23Z","timestamp":1750222583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2955095"}},"subtitle":["A Cross-Layer Design"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2955095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2955095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1533-5399","1557-6051"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1533-5399"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-6051"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}