{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T07:16:15Z","timestamp":1766733375825,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"name":"Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"US NSF","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CNS-1446640 and CNS-1544887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNS-1446640 and CNS-1544887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"China National Basic Research Program","award":["2015CB352400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB352400"]}]},{"name":"NRF, DGIST Research and Development Program"},{"name":"Institute for Information"},{"name":"Communications Technology Promotion"},{"name":"Korean government","award":["B0101-15-0557"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B0101-15-0557"]}]},{"name":"Global Research Laboratory Program","award":["2013K1A1A2A02078326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013K1A1A2A02078326"]}]},{"name":"MSIP"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Cyber-Phys. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data-driven modeling usually suffers from data sparsity, especially for large-scale modeling for urban phenomena based on single-source urban-infrastructure data under fine-grained spatial-temporal contexts. To address this challenge, we motivate, design, and implement UrbanCPS, a cyber-physical system with heterogeneous model integration, based on extremely-large multi-source infrastructures in the Chinese city Shenzhen, involving 42,000 vehicles, 10 million residents, and 16 million smartcards. Based on temporal, spatial, and contextual contexts, we formulate an optimization problem about how to optimally integrate models based on highly diverse datasets under three practical issues, that is, heterogeneity of models, input data sparsity, or unknown ground truth. We further propose a real-world application called Speedometer, inferring real-time traffic speeds in urban areas. The evaluation results show that, compared to a state-of-the-art system, Speedometer increases the inference accuracy by 29% on average.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2967503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T15:19:26Z","timestamp":1486135166000},"page":"1-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Heterogeneous Model Integration for Multi-Source Urban Infrastructure Data"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Desheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, P.R.China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, P.R.China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haengju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang H.","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2426656.2426671"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1999995.2000006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2494091.2497349"},{"unstructured":"Wendell Cox. 2015. How urban density intensifies traffic congestion and air pollution. Retrieved from http:\/\/americandreamcoalition.org\/landuse\/denseair.pdf.  Wendell Cox. 2015. How urban density intensifies traffic congestion and air pollution. Retrieved from http:\/\/americandreamcoalition.org\/landuse\/denseair.pdf.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(93)90034-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2013.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Luk\u00e1\u0161 Kencl, and Milan Bjelica.","author":"Dufkov\u00e1 Kate\u0159ina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kate\u0159ina Dufkov\u00e1 , Jean-Yves Le Boudec , Luk\u00e1\u0161 Kencl, and Milan Bjelica. 2009 . Predicting user-cell association in cellular networks. In MELT\u2019 09. Kate\u0159ina Dufkov\u00e1, Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Luk\u00e1\u0161 Kencl, and Milan Bjelica. 2009. Predicting user-cell association in cellular networks. In MELT\u201909."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2493432.2493466"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1401890.1401928"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1557019.1557061"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.mobiquitous.2014.257982"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.mobiquitous.2014.257982"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1835804.1835918"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2009.10.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2200474"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2012.2200474"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2424321.2424340"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1734583.1734589"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2307636.2307659"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2011.5766977"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","DOI":"10.1145\/1864708.1864727"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","DOI":"10.1137\/07070111X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2030112.2030152"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2588555.2610509"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2020408.2020571"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.07.005"},{"unstructured":"Sample Data. 2015. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cs.umn.edu\/&ztilde;hang\/ICCPS.  Sample Data. 2015. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cs.umn.edu\/&ztilde;hang\/ICCPS.","key":"e_1_2_1_27_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2442882.2442901"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2442882.2442901"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623653"},{"unstructured":"Transport Commission of Shenzhen Municipality. 2014. Shenzhen travel index. Retrieved from http:\/\/szmap.sutpc.com\/.  Transport Commission of Shenzhen Municipality. 2014. Shenzhen travel index. Retrieved from http:\/\/szmap.sutpc.com\/.","key":"e_1_2_1_31_1"},{"unstructured":"Wikipedia. Fundamental diagram of traffic flow. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/.  Wikipedia. Fundamental diagram of traffic flow. Retrieved from https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/.","key":"e_1_2_1_32_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","DOI":"10.1093\/amrx\/abq002"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","DOI":"10.1109\/MDM.2012.55"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2623330.2623676"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Designing heterogeneous sensor networks for estimating and predicting path travel time dynamics: An information-theoretic modeling approach. Transport. Res. B","author":"Xing Tao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tao Xing , Xuesong Zhou , and Jeffrey Taylor . 2013. Designing heterogeneous sensor networks for estimating and predicting path travel time dynamics: An information-theoretic modeling approach. Transport. Res. B ( 2013 ), 66--90. Tao Xing, Xuesong Zhou, and Jeffrey Taylor. 2013. Designing heterogeneous sensor networks for estimating and predicting path travel time dynamics: An information-theoretic modeling approach. Transport. Res. B (2013), 66--90."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2339530.2339561"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2020408.2020462"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2030112.2030128"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2030112.2030127"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2735960.2735985"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","DOI":"10.1145\/2629592"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2967503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2967503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:50:20Z","timestamp":1750218620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2967503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2967503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2967503","relation":{},"ISSN":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2378-962X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2378-9638"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]}}}