{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:12:08Z","timestamp":1750306328306,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Sen. Netw."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pervasive use of wireless body area networks (BANs) has incurred potential inter-BAN interference, which can cause severe performance degradation. In this article, the coexistence of BANs is experimentally performed. A relay-assisted cooperative communications scheme is implemented in a real IEEE 802.15.4-based BAN system with a beacon-enabled mode and guaranteed time slot (GTS) scheduling. As far as we know, it is the first experimental work that enables real-time investigation of the effectiveness of cooperative communications in BANs for co-channel radio interference mitigation. First- and second-order statistics, including outage probability, level crossing rate (LCR), and average fade\/nonfade duration, are calculated from the measured effective channel gains of the device-to-coordinator links across all superframes. Empirical results demonstrate significant advantages of using two-hop relay-assisted communications over traditional star topology BAN. Advantages include a maximum of a 10dB increase in channel gain threshold at an outage probability of 10%, which corresponds to a guideline for a 10% maximum packet error rate as specified in the IEEE BAN standard; a reduction in the level crossing rate by a factor of 5 at a channel gain threshold of \u2212 100dB; and an average nonfade duration prolonged by a factor of 5 at the same threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2979679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T17:55:52Z","timestamp":1474566952000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Two-Hop Relay-Assisted Cooperative Communication in Wireless Body Area Networks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National ICT Australia and Australian National University, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Fusionopolis Way, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National ICT Australia and Australian National University, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Performances enhancement in wireless body area network (WBAN)","volume":"3","author":"Balaji R. G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. G. Balaji , P. S. Raghavendran , and R. Ashokan . 2013 . Performances enhancement in wireless body area network (WBAN) . International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) 3 , 2 (2013), 12 -- 15 . R. G. Balaji, P. S. Raghavendran, and R. Ashokan. 2013. Performances enhancement in wireless body area network (WBAN). International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) 3, 2 (2013), 12--15.","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.862417"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2267053"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Are narrowband wireless on-body networks wide-sense stationary","volume":"13","author":"Chaganti V.","year":"2014","unstructured":"V. Chaganti , L. Hanlen , and D. Smith . 2014 . Are narrowband wireless on-body networks wide-sense stationary ? IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 13 , 5 (May 2014), 2432--2442. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2014.031914.130303 10.1109\/TWC.2014.031914.130303 V. Chaganti, L. Hanlen, and D. Smith. 2014. Are narrowband wireless on-body networks wide-sense stationary? IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 13, 5 (May 2014), 2432--2442. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TWC.2014.031914.130303","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013RS005319"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP\u201911)","author":"Cotton S. L.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","unstructured":"S. L. Cotton , A. McKernan , A. J. Ali , and W. G. Scanlon . 2011. An experimental study on the impact of human body shadowing in off-body communications channels at 2.45 GHz . In Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP\u201911) . 3133--3137. S. L. Cotton, A. McKernan, A. J. Ali, and W. G. Scanlon. 2011. An experimental study on the impact of human body shadowing in off-body communications channels at 2.45 GHz. In Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP\u201911). 3133--3137."},{"volume-title":"Crossbow Technology","author":"Technology Crossbow","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Crossbow Technology . 2006. MIC Az Datasheet . Crossbow Technology , San Jose, CA . Crossbow Technology. 2006. MICAz Datasheet. Crossbow Technology, San Jose, CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BSN.2009.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2012.6362733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6655487"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Performance evaluation of direct and cooperative transmissions in body area networks","volume":"66","author":"Ferrand P.","year":"2011","unstructured":"P. Ferrand , M. Maman , C. Goursaud , J. Gorce , and L. Ouvry . 2011 . Performance evaluation of direct and cooperative transmissions in body area networks . Annals of Telecommunications - Annales Des tlcommunications 66 , 3 -- 4 (2011), 213--228. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s12243-011-0238-y 10.1007\/s12243-011-0238-y P. Ferrand, M. Maman, C. Goursaud, J. Gorce, and L. Ouvry. 2011. Performance evaluation of direct and cooperative transmissions in body area networks. Annals of Telecommunications - Annales Des tlcommunications 66, 3--4 (2011), 213--228. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s12243-011-0238-y","journal-title":"Annals of Telecommunications - Annales Des tlcommunications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks part 16: Air interface for broadband wireless access systems amendment 1: Multihop relay specification","author":"IEEE 802.16 Working Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"IEEE 802.16 Working Group . 2009. IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks part 16: Air interface for broadband wireless access systems amendment 1: Multihop relay specification . IEEE Std . 802.16j- 2009 , (2009). IEEE 802.16 Working Group. 2009. IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks part 16: Air interface for broadband wireless access systems amendment 1: Multihop relay specification. IEEE Std. 802.16j-2009, (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"802.15. 6-2012 IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Part 15.6","author":"IEEE Standards Association","year":"2012","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association . 2012 . 802.15. 6-2012 IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Part 15.6 : Wireless Body Area Networks. 6 - 2012 . IEEE Standards Association. 2012. 802.15. 6-2012 IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks. 6-2012.","journal-title":"Wireless Body Area Networks."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2009.5450109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"TKN15.4","volume":"802","author":"Hauer J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"J. Hauer . 2009 . TKN15.4 : An IEEE 802 . 15 .4 MAC Implentation for TinyOS. Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany. J. Hauer. 2009. TKN15.4: An IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Implentation for TinyOS. Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.","journal-title":"An IEEE"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00224-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2004.838089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2003.817829"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"802.15-05-0407-05","author":"Lewis D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. Lewis . 2008. IEEE 802.15.6 Call for Applications - Summary ID : 802.15-05-0407-05 . IEEE submission. ( July 2008 ). D. Lewis. 2008. IEEE 802.15.6 Call for Applications - Summary ID: 802.15-05-0407-05. IEEE submission. (July 2008)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP\u201912)","author":"Kim C. W.","year":"2012","unstructured":"T. S. P. See, C. W. Kim , T. M. Chiam , Y. Ge , A. A. P. Wai , and Z. N. Chen . 2012. Study of dynamic on-body link reliability for WBAN systems . In 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP\u201912) . 112--113. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/APCAP. 2012 .6333173 10.1109\/APCAP.2012.6333173 T. S. P. See, C. W. Kim, T. M. Chiam, Y. Ge, A. A. P. Wai, and Z. N. Chen. 2012. Study of dynamic on-body link reliability for WBAN systems. In 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP\u201912). 112--113. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/APCAP.2012.6333173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2003.818096"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2030622"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6884227"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_24_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. B. Smith and L. W. Hanlen. 2015. Channel modeling for wireless body area networks. In Ultra-Low-Power Short-Range Radios. Springer International Publishing 25--55. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-14714-7 10.1007\/978-3-319-14714-7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14714-7_2"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_1_24_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. B. Smith and L. W. Hanlen. 2015. Channel modeling for wireless body area networks. In Ultra-Low-Power Short-Range Radios. Springer International Publishing 25--55. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-14714-7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14714-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. B. Smith and L. W. Hanlen. 2015. Channel modeling for wireless body area networks. In Ultra-Low Power Short-Range Radios. Springer. 25--55.  D. B. Smith and L. W. Hanlen. 2015. Channel modeling for wireless body area networks. In Ultra-Low Power Short-Range Radios. Springer. 25--55.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14714-7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"1st International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies, 2008","author":"Smith D. B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"D. B. Smith , L. W. Hanlen , D. Miniutti , J. Zhang , D. Rodda , and B. Gilbert . 2008. Statistical characterization of the dynamic narrowband body area channel . In 1st International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies, 2008 (ISABEL\u201908). 1--5. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ISABEL. 2008 .4712618 10.1109\/ISABEL.2008.4712618 D. B. Smith, L. W. Hanlen, D. Miniutti, J. Zhang, D. Rodda, and B. Gilbert. 2008. Statistical characterization of the dynamic narrowband body area channel. In 1st International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies, 2008 (ISABEL\u201908). 1--5. DOI:http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ISABEL.2008.4712618"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"D. B. Smith L. W. Hanlen D. Rodda B. Gilbert J. Dong and V. Chaganti. 2012. Body Area Network Radio Channel Measurement Set. (2012). http:\/\/opennicta.com\/datasets.  D. B. Smith L. W. Hanlen D. Rodda B. Gilbert J. Dong and V. Chaganti. 2012. Body Area Network Radio Channel Measurement Set. (2012). http:\/\/opennicta.com\/datasets."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1182807.1182885"},{"volume-title":"2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom\u201912)","author":"Sun W.","key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"W. Sun , Y. Ge , and W. C. Wong . 2012. Inter-user interference in body sensor networks: A case study in moderate-scale deployment in hospital environment . In 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom\u201912) . IEEE, 447--450. W. Sun, Y. Ge, and W. C. Wong. 2012. Inter-user interference in body sensor networks: A case study in moderate-scale deployment in hospital environment. In 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom\u201912). IEEE, 447--450."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.090105"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2979679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2979679","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T04:54:35Z","timestamp":1750222475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2979679"}},"subtitle":["An Empirical Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2979679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2979679","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-4859","1550-4867"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1550-4859"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1550-4867"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-09-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}