{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:08:53Z","timestamp":1765609733177,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":389,"URL":"http:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017952, 1208632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017952, 1208632"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Graph."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present an approach for adding directed gaze movements to characters animated using full-body motion capture. Our approach provides a comprehensive authoring solution that automatically infers plausible directed gaze from the captured body motion, provides convenient controls for manual editing, and adds synthetic gaze movements onto the original motion. The foundation of the approach is an abstract representation of gaze behavior as a sequence of gaze shifts and fixations toward targets in the scene. We present methods for automatic inference of this representation by analyzing the head and torso kinematics and scene features. We introduce tools for convenient editing of the gaze sequence and target layout that allow an animator to adjust the gaze behavior without worrying about the details of pose and timing. A synthesis component translates the gaze sequence into coordinated movements of the eyes, head, and torso, and blends these with the original body motion. We evaluate the effectiveness of our inference methods, the efficiency of the authoring process, and the quality of the resulting animation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2980179.2982444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T12:02:54Z","timestamp":1478865774000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Authoring directed gaze for full-body motion capture"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Pejsa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilge","family":"Mutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366175"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04380-2_28"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1632592.1632612"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng Z. Lewis J. P. and Neumann U. 2005. Automated eye motion using texture synthesis. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 24--30. 10.1109\/MCG.2005.35","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2005.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/846276.846291"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"Fisher R. A. 1925. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230391"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/364338.364400"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.v20:2\/3"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1354168"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199911080-00033"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1778765.1778770"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2015.2446494"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06917.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2366145.2366208"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010010528443"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2010.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566629"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74997-4_27"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00822.2006"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of 2007 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 211--214","author":"Mitake H.","key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","unstructured":"Mitake, H., Hasegawa, S., Koike, Y., and Sato, M. 2007. Reactive virtual human with bottom-up and top-down visual attention for gaze generation in realtime interactions. In Proceedings of 2007 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, 211--214."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150103500446"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2724731"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1279920.1279923"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/791221.791862"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2010.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311536"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruhland K. Peters C. E. Andrist S. Badler J. B. Badler N. I. Gleicher M. Mutlu B. and McDonnell R. 2015. A review of eye gaze in virtual agents social robotics and hci: Behaviour generation user interaction and perception. Computer Graphics Forum. 10.1111\/cgf.12603","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/502122.502123"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1558013.1558057"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488009131715"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185537"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Graphics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2980179.2982444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2980179.2982444","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2980179.2982444","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:30:37Z","timestamp":1763458237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2980179.2982444"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2980179.2982444"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2980179.2982444","relation":{},"ISSN":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0730-0301"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1557-7368"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}