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Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cyber-physical systems (CPS) frequently have to use massive redundancy to meet application requirements for high reliability. While such redundancy is required, it can be activated adaptively, based on the current state of the controlled plant. Most of the time, the plant is in a state that allows for a lower level of fault tolerance. Avoiding the continuous deployment of massive fault tolerance will greatly reduce the workload of the CPS, and lower the operating temperature of the cyber sub-system, thus increasing its reliability. In this article, we extend our prior research by demonstrating a software simulation framework Adaptive Fault Tolerance (AdaFT) that can automatically generate the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sub-spaces<\/jats:italic>\n                    within which our adaptive fault tolerance can be applied. We also show the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">theoretical benefits<\/jats:italic>\n                    of AdaFT and its\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">actual implementation<\/jats:italic>\n                    in several real-world CPSs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2980763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,28]],"date-time":"2017-03-28T13:42:39Z","timestamp":1490708559000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["AdaFT"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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